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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Most pathogenic strep grow where and are described as what?
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in air; oxygen-tolerant anaerobes
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Are most staph coagulase positive or negative?
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positive
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What are two main Neisseria (gram negative cocci)?
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gonococcus and meningococcus
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What causes typhoid fever and food poisoning
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Salmonella (gram negative rod; enteric)
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What causes bacillary dysentery?
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Shigella (gram negative rod; enteric)
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What causes whooping cough?
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Bordatella
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What causes tularemia?
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Francisella (fastidious gram negative rod)
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What causes cat scratch fever?
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Bartonella (fastidious gram negative rod)
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Name 2 members of Mycobacterium (acid-fast)
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tubercle bacillus and leprosy bacillus
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What special stain is used for acid-fast bacteria?
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Ziehl-Neelsen technique
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Name 1 atypical acid-fast bacilli (opportunistic)
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Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
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Are Nocardia aerobic or anaerobic?
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aerobic
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Are Actinomyces aerobic or anaerobic?
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anaerobic (ABCs--Actinomyces, Bacteroides, Clostridium)
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What causes syphilis?
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Treponema pallidum
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What causes icterohemorrhagic fever?
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Leptospira
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What causes relapsing fever?
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Borrelia recurrentis
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What causes Lyme disease?
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Borrelia burgdorferi (spirochete)
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What causes the epidemic typhus?
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Rickettsiae
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What causes the epidemic typhus?
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Rickettsiae
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What is the virus delivery system?
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virion
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What contains the viral genome and often enzymes required for first steps of virus replication?
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payload
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Viral nucleic acid is surrounded by what?
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capsid
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What virus causes poliovirus
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picornavirus
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What virus causes West Nile virus?
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flavivirus
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Name 2 ss +RNA viruses
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poliovirus, West Nile virus
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Name 2 ss -RNA viruses
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influenza virus, measles virus
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Name a ds RNA virus
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rotavirus
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Name a hepadnavirus
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hepatitis B
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Name a ss DNA virus
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parvovirus
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Name 2 ds DNA viruses
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papillomaviruses (circular genome) and herpesviruses (linear genome)
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Why are defective viruses "defective?"
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Because they require coinfection with a "helper" virus?
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Give an example of a defective virus
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hepatitis delta virus
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Give an example of a virus transmitted by small droplets
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VZV (varicella-zoster virus)
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Give 5 examples of viruses transmitted by transcutaneous route
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Dengue, ecephalitis (togaviruses), CMV, HBV, HIV
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Give 4 examples of viruses transmitted by sexual route
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CMV, HBV, HSV, and HIV
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Give 4 examples of endogenous viruses
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VZV, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, HSV, some CMV
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Give 6 examples of vertical spread of viruses
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CMV, HBV, HIV, HSV, rubella, VZV
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Give 3 examples of viruses that can spread to nerves
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HSV, rabies, VZV
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What 3 viruses travel free in plasma?
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enteroviruses, HBV, and togaviruses
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What 2 viruses are associated with RBCs?
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Colorado tick fever virus, Rift Valley fever virus
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What 4 viruses are associated with lymphocytes or monocytes?
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CMV, EBV, HIV, and rubella
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What are proteins encoded by host cells whose synthesis is induced by viruses and other proinflammatory agents?
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interferons
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How do interferons inhibit virus replication?
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indirectly by inducing the synthesis of cellular proteins that inhibit the protein synthesis machinery.
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Leukocyte interferons
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interferon-alpha
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fibroblast interferons
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interferon-beta
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immune interferon
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interferon-gamma
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What is it called when virus stimulation of B lymphocytes can induce cross-reacting antibodies to normal host structures that contain antigenic regions similar to those of the virus?
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molecular mimicry
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Cytopathic effect of syncytia presence suggests what 4 viruses?
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HSV, measles, mumps, RSV
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Cytopathic effect of cytomegal suggests what 3 viruses?
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CMV, HSV, VZV
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What 3 things are the cell walls of fungi made out of?
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chitin, mannan, glucan
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