Micro

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Acidophil

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A microorganism that grows at acidic pH’s

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Adhesins

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A protein in bacterial pili that assists in attachment to the surface molecules of cellsof their host.

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Alkalinophile

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A microorganism that grows at basic pH’s

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Basal body

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A structure at the base of a bacterial flagellum having a central rod and set of enclosing rings.

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Binary fission

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An asexual process by which a cell divides to form two new cells; specifics of the process vary among organisms

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Cardinal temperatures-

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The minimal, optimal, and maximum temperatures at which bacteria grow.

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Chemotaxis

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A movement toward a chemical attractant

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Cortex-

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The outer layer, the cortex, develops around the forespore during formation of a bacterial spore.

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Dextran

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any of a group long chain polymers of glucose with various molecular weights that are used in confectiosn, as food additives and as plasma volume expanders

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Differential medium

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A growth medium in which different species of microorganisms can be distinguished.

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Diplicolinic acid

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An organic substance that helps stabilize the proteins in a bacterial spore, thereby increasing spore resistance.

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Endospore

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An extremely resistant dormant cell produced by some gram-positive bacteria.

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Endotoxin

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A metabolic poison produced chiefly by Gram-negative bacteria;

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Enriched media

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containing special nutrients

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F pilus or sex pilli

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During conjugation-one bacterial cell(F+) will have a pili and it can mate with an (F-) cell, then it becomes thicker and hollow and is called a conjugation bridge, and through this bridge DNA can be transferred from one cell to another

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Fimbria-

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A short, hairlike structure used by bacteria for attachment

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Flagellin

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The hollow filament is composed of long, rigid and helical strands of protein subunits called flagellin.

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Generation time-

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The time interval between bacterial divisions; varies among bacteria and can be as brief as 20 minutes.

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Glycocalyx-

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A layer of capsule or slime around certain bacteria that assists in attachment to a surface and imparts resistance

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Halophile-

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An organism that lives in environments with high concentration of salt.

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Inclusion body-

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A granulelike storage body that forms in the bacterial cytoplasm

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Lipid A

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Is a part of the lipopolysaccharide layer of the gram-negative cell wall

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Lipopolysaccharide

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A molecule composed of lipids and polysaccharides, found in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria

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Metachromatic granules

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a phosphate-storing granule that stains deeply with methylene blue; known as volutin granule.

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Nitrogen fixation

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A general term for the chemical process in which organisms trap atmospheric nitrogen and use it to form organic compounds.

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Peptidoglycan

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– a complex molecule of the bacertial cell wall composed of alternating units of NAM and NAG

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Periplasmic space

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contains several enzymes that process molecules before they enter the cytoplasm

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Pili

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are protein appendages that appear as short hair-like fibers, which are composed of pilin, there can be sex pili and attachment pili. The attachment pili anchors the bacteria,to a surface such as tissue via adhesins, which in turn increases its disease causing capabilities

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Pilin

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A protein subunit found in the bacterial pilus

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Plasmid

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A small, closed-loop molecule of DNA apart from the chromosome

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Plasmolysis

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occurs when a plant cells membrane shrinks away from its cell wall.

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S.P.C.

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Standard plate count, must accurately dilute the culture & put a measured volume of the serial dilutions onto a suitable growth medium, the number of colonies which grow on the agar indicate the number of live cells in the original culture

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Selective media

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A growth medium that contains ingredients to inhibit certain microorganisms while encouraging the growth of others.

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Slime layer

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A thinner, flowing, and less tightly bound form of a glycocalyx

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Spirilla

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helical shaped, with a rigid cell wall and a flagella for movement

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Spirochete

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corkscrew shape, a flexible cell wall & no flagella, contains axial filaments for motility, or contractions of the cell.

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Staphylo

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grape, grape like clusters

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Strepto

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chains

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Symbiosis

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An interrelationship between two populations of organisms where there is a close and permanent association for mutual benefit.

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Teichoic acid

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A polysaccharide found in the cell wall of gram positive bacteria

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Tetrad

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a group of 4 cocci that result from division in two planes

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Vegetative cell

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cells that are actively growing & reproducing

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Viable count

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The number of living organisms within a sample

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Vibrio

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curved rods that resemble commas.

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_____ is the collective name give to the combination of cell membrane, cell wall and capsule in bacteria

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cell envelope

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__________ is the term often applied to the chromosomal region of bacterium

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nucleoid

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________________ is the organic compound that helps stabilize bacterial spores and is only found in endospores

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dipicolinic acid

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__________ organisms require a partial pressure of carbon dioxide greater than normal in order to grow well

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capnophilic

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The gram postiive cell wall is composed primarily of ____________ with _____ woven into a latticework

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peptidogylcans, teichoic acid