Micro-3 Control Of Microorganisms

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involves the transmission of information from an organism to its progeny

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heredity

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linear sequences of DNA that carry coded information for the structure & function of an organism

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genes

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is based on the ability of auxotrophic bacteria to mutate by reverting to their original synthetic
ability. It is used for screening chemicals for mutagenic properties, which indicate potential carcinogens.

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Ames test

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transmitted to progeny account for much of the variation in organisms.

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mutations

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semiconservative – each chromosome consists of 1 stand of old DNA & 1 of newly
synthesized DNA.

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DNA replication

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transcribed form DNA and serves as a template for
protein synthesis.

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transcription messenger RNA

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carry amino acids to assemble site

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transfer RNA

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combines with specific proteins to form ribosomes, the sites for protein
assembly –

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ribosomal RNA

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regulates the activity of existing enzymes & is a quick acting control mechanism

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feedback inhibition

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Mechanisms that regulate metabolism turn reactions on & off in accordance with the needs of cells,
allowing the cells to use various energy sources & to limit synthesis of substances to the amounts needed.

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significance

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the presence of a preferred nutrient (often glucose) represses the synthesis of enzymes
that would be used to metabolize some alternative substance

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catobolite repression

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the presence of a substrate activates an operon, a sequence of closely associated genes that
include structural genes and regulatory sites

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enzyme induction

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The genetic makeup of an organism is its

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genotype

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the physical expression of the genotype is the

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phenotype

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destruciton of vegattive pathogens that do not kill endospores

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disinfection

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absolute destruction and removal of all spores of life

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sterilization

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disinfect living skin

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aseptics

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microbes most resistant to biosides are

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prions and the endospores of bacteria

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most vulnerable to microbes

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virus with lipid envelopes and gram positive bacteria

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mechanical removal by an alchohol swab

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de-germing

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tx to lower microbial counts on eating and drinking utensils for public use

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sanitization

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number of organisms present

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microbial load

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best way to sterilize

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autoclave

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eliminate pathogenic microbes and reduce numbers

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pasturization

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general use of chemicals to tx disease

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chemotherpy

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1st to describe use of chemotheraputic agets to kill pathogens..tx for syphillis

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ehrlich

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kill bug not host

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seletive toxicity

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concentration causing damage to host

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toxic dosage level

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concentration that eliminate pathogen only

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theraputic dosage level

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general use of chemicals to tx disease

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chemotherpy

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1st to describe use of chemotheraputic agets to kill pathogens..tx for syphillis

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ehrlich

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kill bug not host

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seletive toxicity

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concentration causing damage to host

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toxic dosage level

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concentration that eliminate pathogen only

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theraputic dosage level

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kill many organisms including normal flora

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broad spectrum

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range of different microbes against
which an antimicrobial agent acts is called
its

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spectrum of activity

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mode of action for abts

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Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

Disruption of cell membrane function

Inhibition of protein synthesis

Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis

Action as antimetabolites