Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Thayer-martin
|
is a chocolate medium to grow gonorreha
|
|
|
Thermophile
|
is a microbe that grows at temps greater than 45 degrees C. Live in soil and water around volcanic activity and compost piles
|
|
|
Mesophiles
|
organsims that grow at intermediate temps 20-40 degrees C
Inhabits animals, plants, soil and water in temp |
|
|
Psychrophile
|
grows below 15 degrees C and is capale of growth at 0 C, Cannot grow above 20 C
|
|
|
Hyperthermophiles
|
grows at very high temps, between 80-113 degrees C Cannot grow at 50 C
|
|
|
Ames Test
|
Expose bacteria to a carcinogen to see if it can make histoden on thier own, shows if cancerous
|
|
|
Helicase
|
unzips DNA
|
|
|
Ligase
|
binds, kinks, and binds the sitcky ends of DNA after splicing
|
|
|
DNA Polymerase
|
Adds nitrogens and bases to a new chain of DNA
|
|
|
Topoisomerase
|
cuts and rejoins DNA/ super coiling and untangling
|
|
|
Frame shift mutation
|
when the entire frame (or protien) changes or shifts, when one of more bases are added or deleted
|
|
|
An organsim that uses CO2 (inorganic) as its carbon source
|
Autotroph
|
|
|
What produces the most ATP
|
electron transport chain
|
|
|
NADH is used by electron transport chain to make
|
ATP
|
|
|
Total ATP during breakdown of glucose including substrate and phosphate
|
38
|
|
|
Metabolism of glucose to glucose 6 phosphate generates...
|
ADP
|
|
|
Primary nitrogen sources for heterotrophs
|
protiens, DNA, RNA
|
|
|
Methanogens
|
produce methane from hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide
|
|
|
Saprobes
|
free-living microorganism
feed on organic detritus from dead organisms, metabolizes fungi and bacteria's dead matter |
|
|
Isotonic
|
They enviroment is equal in solute concentration to the cell's internal enviroment,
no net change in cell volume most stable enviroment for cells |
|
|
Hypotonic
|
solute concentration of the external enviroment is lower than that of the cell's internal enviroment
net direction of osmosis is from the hypotonic solution into the cell cells without cell walls swell and can burst |
|
|
Hypertonic
|
The enviroment has a higher solute concentration than the cytoplasm
will force water to diffuse out of a cell |
|
|
RBC's into water would
|
osmolysis
|
|
|
Enzymes are
|
catalysts: chemicals that increase the rate of a chemical reaction
|
|
|
AUG
|
protient start codon (to making a protien
|
|
|
UAA
UAG UGA |
UAA-u are away
UAG-u are gone UGA-u go away protien stop codons |
|
|
Introns
|
are segments bewteen Exons (usful part of DNA) and are to protect the Exons by making the target smaller
|
|
|
Splicesomes
|
remove introns to make a full exon for use (DNA)
|
|
|
DNA replication always
|
started at 5 prime and ends at 3 prime, markers for polymerase to start replication
|
|
|
Replication
|
DNA to DNA
|
|
|
Transcription
|
DNA to RNA (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA)
|
|
|
Translation
|
From RNA to a protien
|
|
|
A compound losses electrons
|
oxidized
|
|
|
a compound receives electrons
|
reduced
|
|
|
The krebs cycle
|
A carbon and energy Wheel
Pyruvic acid is energy-rich, but its hydrogens need to be transferred to O2 |
|
|
Succinate-Fumerate
|
#6, makes 1 FADH2
|
|
|
Malate-Oxaloacetale
|
#8, makes 1 NADH
|
|
|
Isocitrate-Alphaketogluterate
|
#3, Makes 1 NADH and 1 CO2
|
|
|
Succeinyle CoA-succinate
|
#5, makes 1 ATP
|
|
|
Glucose has
|
6 carbons
|
|
|
Pyrovate has
|
3 carbons
|
