Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
112 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Endotoxin?
|
activates macrophages (iL-1, tnf), activates complement, activates Haegaman factor (DIC)
|
|
|
IgA Proteases?
|
S.pneumoniae, N. meningitis, N. gonorrhoaea, H. flu
|
|
|
Bug's that don't stain well?
|
Treponema --> darkfield microscopy and flourescent Ab staining; intracellular parasites--> Ricksettyia, Chylamdia, Mycoplasma --> no cell wall
|
|
|
E. coli stable toxin and labile toxin
|
labile--> stimulates adenylate cyclase
stable --> stimulates guanylate cyclase |
|
|
Three bugs that stimulate adenylate cyclase?
|
all gram neg --> E.coli, V. chlorae, Bordella pertussis
|
|
|
Chocholate agar w/ factors V(NAD) and X(hematin)
|
H. influenza
|
|
|
Thayer Martin Media?
|
N. gonnorrhae
|
|
|
Bordet-Gengou (potato) agar?
|
B. pertussis
|
|
|
Tellurite plate, Loffer's medium, blood agar?
|
C. diptheriae
|
|
|
Lowenstein-Jensen Agar?
|
M. tuberculosis
|
|
|
MacConkey's Agar?
|
Escherichia, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter
|
|
|
Charcoal yeast agar w/ iron and cysteine?
|
Legionella pneumophilia
|
|
|
Sabourad's agar?
|
Fungi
|
|
|
Ziehl-Neelsen stain?
|
Acid fast bacteria
|
|
|
India ink stain?
|
Cryptococcus neoformans
|
|
|
Giemsa stain?
|
Borrelia, Plasmodium, trypanosomes, Chlamydia
|
|
|
Obligate aerobes?
Nagging Pests Must Breathe |
Nocardia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Myobacterium tuberculosis and Bacillus
|
|
|
Obligate anaerobes?
|
Clostridium, Bacteriodes, Actinomyces
|
|
|
Features of anaerobic bacteria?
|
foul smelling, difficult to culture and produce gas in tissue (co2 and H2)
|
|
|
Facultative intracellular bugs?
|
Myobacteria, Brucella, Francisella, Listeria, Yersinia, Legionella, Salmonella
|
|
|
Facultative intracellular bugs?
|
Myobacteria, Brucella, Francisella, Listeria, Yersinia, Legionella, Salmonella
|
|
|
Encapsulated bacteria?
|
S. pneumoniae, H. flu, N. menigitidis, K. pnemoniae
|
|
|
What is pneumoccocus associated with?
|
"rusty" sputum, sepsis in sickle cell anemia, splenectomy
|
|
|
What type of acids do spores have in their core?
|
dipicolnic acid
|
|
|
What are some Gram + spore formers?
|
Bacillus anthracis, C. perfringens, C. tetani
|
|
|
alpha hemolytic?
|
strep pneumoniae (optochin sensitive)
viridans streptococci (optochin negative) |
|
|
B- hemolytic?
|
Staph aureaus (catalalase +, Coagulase +)
Strep pyogens (Catalase -, bacitracin + Strep agalactaie (catalase neg, bacitracin rest) Listeria Monocytogens |
|
|
What are some features of Listeria?
|
Gram +, B- hemolytic, tumbling motility, meningitis in newborns, found in unpasteurized milk
|
|
|
What is the virulence factor of Staph aureus?
|
Protein A --> binds to Fc-IgG inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
|
|
|
Toxin Mediated disease of Staph?
|
TSST-1, SCALDED SKIN SYNDROME (EXFOLIATIVE TOXIN) and rapid onset food posioning (enterotoxins)
|
|
|
Inflammatory disese of Staph?
|
skin infections (folliculitis, cellulitis, osteomyletis); organ abscesses and pneumonia w/ cavitations
Also, responsible for ACUTE bacterial endocarditis |
|
|
Virulence factor for Group A strep?
|
M -protein --> inhibits activation of complement and prevents phagocytosis
|
|
|
Group A strep --> Pyogenic?
|
pharnygitis, cellulitis, impetigo
|
|
|
Group A Strep --> Toxigenic?
|
Scarlet fever, toxic shock syndrome
|
|
|
Group A Strep --> Immunologic?
|
rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis
BACITRACIN SENSITIVE |
|
|
What are some gamma hemolytic Gram+ organisms?
|
Enterococci faecalis and faecium
|
|
|
What are enterococci responsible for?
What are they resistant to? |
UTI and subacute endocarditis
Resistant to Penicillin G |
|
|
What is Lancefield grouping based on?
|
differences in C-carbohydrate on bacterial wall
|
|
|
What are some Viridans group streptococci?
|
NORMAL FLORA of oropharynx
S. mutans --> dental caries S. sanguis --> subacute bacterial endocarditis |
|
|
Difference between toxin of C. botulism and C. perfringens?
|
C. botulism -->preformed, heat-labile toxin that INHIBITS Ach (neurotoxin)
C. perfringens--> alpha toxin, lechinase that causes myonecrosis, gas gangrene or hemolysis |
|
|
Clostridum tetanus toxin?
|
produces an exotoxin that blocks glycine relase (inhibitory transmitter) from Renshaw cells of spinal cord
|
|
|
What encodes toxin for C. diptheriae?
What is fxn of toxin? |
beta prophage
inhibits protein synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2 |
|
|
Lab diagnosis for diptheria?
|
gram + rods w/ metachromic granules
|
|
|
Which gram + rods form "sulfur granules" in sinus tracts?
|
Actinomyces israelii
|
|
|
Which ug may form oral/facial abscesses?
|
actinomyces
|
|
|
Which long-branching bacteria is aerobic and may cause pulmonary infectios in immunocompromised patients?
|
Nocardia
|
|
|
SNAP?
|
Sulfa for Nocardia, Acinomyces use penicillin
|
|
|
What bug responsible for food poisoning in ,eats. mayonnaise, custard?
|
S. aureus
|
|
|
Reheated meat dishes?
|
C. perfringens
|
|
|
Undercooked meat?
|
E. coli 0157:H7
|
|
|
poultry, meat, eggs?
|
Salmonella
|
|
|
Ferments lactose?
|
E. coli
|
|
|
Comma shaped organisms?
|
Vibrio cholerae
|
|
|
Does not ferment lactose, motile?
|
Salmonella
bloody diarrhea |
|
|
Does not ferment lactose, nonmotile?
|
SHIGELLA - bloody diarrhea
|
|
|
Comma or S-shaped organisms that grow at 42 degrees
|
Campylobacter jejuni; bloody diarrhea
|
|
|
Transmitted from pet feces?
|
Yersinia entercolitica (bloody diarrhea)
|
|
|
What bugs cause watery diarrhea?
|
V. cholera, enterotoxigenic E. Coli, viruses (rotavirus) and protozoans
|
|
|
What protozoans cause watery diarrhea?
|
cyptosporidium and giardia
|
|
|
What bugs cause bloody diarrhea?
|
Salmonella, shigella, C. jejuni, Yersinia entercolitica, enterohemorrhagic/enteroinvasive E.coli and Entaomoba histolytica
|
|
|
What bugs are in the enterobacteriacae family?
|
E.coli, Salmonella, Klebesiaella, Enterobacter, Serratia, Proteus
|
|
|
Features of the enterobacteriacae family?
|
O antigen --> polysaccharide of endotoxin
K antigen --> virulence of bug H antigen --> flagella FERMENT GLUCOSE, OXIDASE NEGATIVE |
|
|
What does H. flu cause?
|
Epiglottis
Meningitis Otitis Media Pneumonia |
|
|
How is legionella transmitted?
How is it treated? |
aerosol
NO person-to-person contact erytromycin |
|
|
What type of endotoxin/exotoxin does P. aeruginosa produce?
|
endotoxin --> fever, shock
exotoxin A --> inactivates EF-2 |
|
|
Treatment of psuedomonas?
|
aminoglycoside + extended spectrum penicilin (pipercillin, ticarcillin)
|
|
|
What does PSEUdomonas cause?
|
pnuemonia (esp. cystic fibrosis)
sepsis external otits (swimmer's ear) UTI hot tub folliculitis wound and burn infectios |
|
|
Which is more virulent... Salmonella or SHigella?
|
Shigella is more virulent, but symptoms of salmonella may be prolonged w/ Ab treatments
|
|
|
Which is more virulent... Salmonella or SHigella?
|
Shigella is more virulent, but symptoms of salmonella may be prolonged w/ Ab treatments
|
|
|
How are shigella and salmonella transferred?
|
Salmonella --> animal reservoir
Shigella --> Food, Finger, Feces, Flies |
|
|
Which toxin permanently activates Gs? Permanently diasbales Gi?
|
Vibrio Cholera
Pertussis Toxin |
|
|
Lyme Disease
|
Borrelia burgdorferia; Ixodes tick
|
|
|
Brucellosis?
|
brucella spp. --> cause undulating fever
DAIRY PRODUCTS |
|
|
Tularemia
|
Francisella tularenesis
caseating granulomas, fever, tick bite, rabbit, deer |
|
|
Plague
|
Yersinia Pestis
rodents, especially prarie dogs |
|
|
Animal bites, cats dogs
|
Pasteurella multocida
|
|
|
What causes Waterhouse Friederichsen syndrome and meningitis?
|
meningococci; polysaccharide capsule present
|
|
|
What causes septic arthritis, neonatal conjuctivitis and PID?
|
gonococci
|
|
|
4 bugs that cause atypical pneumonia?
|
Mycoplasma
Chylamdia pneumonia Legionella Viruses also, PCPin AIDS patients |
|
|
Animal bites, cats dogs
|
Pasteurella multocida
|
|
|
Only bacterial membrane containing cholesterol
|
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
|
|
|
What is trhe Weil-Felix reaction?
|
reaction assays for antirickettsial ab's
cross reacts w/ proteus antigen |
|
|
What would a + Weil -Felix indicate?
|
typhus
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever NOT Q fever |
|
|
Centripetal rash spread vs. centriphugal spread
|
spotted fever vs. typhus
|
|
|
Rash on palms and soles seen in?
|
Rocky mountain spotted fever, syphylis, and coxsackievirus A infection
|
|
|
Treatment of choice for rickesttsial infections?
|
tetracycline
|
|
|
Coxiella burneii?
|
Q fever
(inhaled aerosols) |
|
|
What bug is responsible for arthritis, conjunctivitis,, pneumonia and nongonoccoal urethritis?
|
chlamydia
petidoglycan wall lacks muramic acid |
|
|
2 forms of chlamydia?
|
Elementary
Reticulate C.trachomatis and C.pneumoninae only infect humans |
|
|
Tx of chlymadia?
|
erythromycin or tetracycline
|
|
|
Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes?
|
A,B,C --> chronic infection causing blindness
D-K - urethritis, PID, ectopic pregancy, neonatal pneumonia, neonatal conjunctivitis L1-L3 - lymphogranuloma venereum |
|
|
3 spirochetes?
|
Borrelia = big
Leptospira Treponema |
|
|
Stages of Lyme Diesase
|
a) erythema chronicum migrans
b) neurologic/cardiac manifestations c) autoimmune migratory polyarthritis |
|
|
Treponema pallidum vs. T. pertenue?
|
syphilis vs. yaws
|
|
|
VRDL vs. FTA-ABS
|
FTA-ABS --> specific for syphylis, turns positive early in disease remains positive longest. VDRL is less specific
|
|
|
VDRL false postives?
|
viruses
drugs rheumatic fever, rhematic arthritis lupus leprosy |
|
|
Dimorphic fungi?
|
coccidiomycoses --> southwestern US, CAli
histoplasmosis --> mississippi and ohio river valleys (bat/bird droppings) blastomycosis --> states east of mississippi river and central america paracoccidiomycoses - rural latin america |
|
|
Opportunistic fungal infections
|
candida albicans
aspergillus funigatus - mold, 45 angle cyrptococcus neoformas - heavily encapsulated; culture on sabouraud's agar Mucor and Rhizopus spp. - mold, wide angles >90 |
|
|
DNA viruses
|
Hepadna
Herpes Adeno Pox Parvo Papova |
|
|
What do live-attenuated viruses do?
|
induce humoral and cell mediated immunity
|
|
|
What are some live attenuted viruses?
|
measles, mumps, rubella, sabin polio, VZV, yellow fever, smallpox
|
|
|
Killed viruses?
|
rabies, influenza, HAV, Salk
|
|
|
Segmented viruses?
|
bunyavirus, orthomyxovirus, arenavirus, reovirus
BOAR |
|
|
Virus most important for global infantile diarrhea?
|
Rotavirus
segmented dsDNA |
|
|
Councilman bodies in the liver?
|
Yellow fever
|
|
|
Arboviruses?
|
falvivirus, togavirus, bunyavirus
|
|
|
Rabies Virus?
|
negri bodies in the cytoplasm
bullet shaped capsid long incubation periods fatal encephalitis w/ seizures and hydrophobia travels to CNS by migrating in retrograde fashion to nerve axons |
|
|
Influenza virus?
|
contains hemagglutin and neuraminidase antigens
|
|
|
Tzanck test?
|
detects multinucleated giant cells; used to assay HSV-1, HSV-2 and VZV
|
|
|
What does CCR5 and CXCR1 mutation mean?
|
CCR5 homogenous -->immunity
hetyerogenous --> slower course CXCR1 rapid progression to AIDS |
|
|
Normal clora of colon?
|
bacteroides fragilis > E.coli
|
|
|
Normal flora of the vagina?
|
lactobacillus, E.coli and group B strep
|
