Micro

Front 1

Sugar backgone w/ cross linked peptide side chains. Gives bacteria a rigid suport, protects against osmotic pressure

Back 1

peptidoglycan

Front 2

G+ major surface antigen with Peptidoglycan for support.

Back 2

Cell wall/ membrane

Front 3

Lipoteichoic acid in G+ cell wall induces--

Back 3

IL1 and TNF

Front 4

Site of endotoxin in G-

Back 4

Outer membrane, lipolysaccharide

Front 5

Lipid A in Outer membranes of G- induce

Back 5

TNF alpha and IL1

Front 6

Site of oxidative and transport mechanisms in bacteria

Back 6

plasma membrane

Front 7

Site of protein synthesis

Back 7

Ribosome

Front 8

Contains beta-lactamases

Back 8

Periplasm

Front 9

Space between the cytoplasmic membraen and peptidoglycan wall in G- bacteria

Back 9

Periplasm

Front 10

Protects against phagocytosis

Back 10

Capsule

Front 11

Quelling reaction

Back 11

test for capsule, if capsule is pressent the anticapsular sera will swell the capsuled bacteria

Front 12

Mediates adherance to bacteria to cell surface

Back 12

Pilus/ Fimbrae (glycoptn)

Front 13

Forms attachment between 2 bac during conjugation

Back 13

Sex pilli (glycoptn)

Front 14

Motility of the bacteria

Back 14

flagellum

Front 15

Provide resistance to dehydration, heat and chemicals via a keratin like coat with dipicolinic acid

Back 15

Spore

Front 16

Contains genes for antibiotic resistance, enzymes and toxins

Back 16

Plasmid (DNA separate from rest)

Front 17

Mediate adherance to surfaces, esp foreign surfaces

Back 17

Glycocalyx

Front 18

Thick peptidoglycan layer, Lipoteichoic acid

Back 18

G+

Front 19

Thin peptidoglycan layer, outer membrane with endotoxin/ LPS

Back 19

G-

Front 20

6 "bugs" that dont stain well

Back 20

Treponema (too thin), Rickettsia Chalymydia and legionella (intracellular), Mycobacteria (High lipid content in cell wall req acid fast), Mycoplasma (no cell wall)

Front 21

Organisms requiring Giemsa stain

Back 21

Borrelia, Plasmodium, trypanosomes, chylamydia

Front 22

Organisms requiring PAS (periodic acid schiff) stain

Back 22

Whipple Dx (stains glycogen, mucopolysaccharids)

Front 23

Ziehl Neelsen (Carbol fuschin)

Back 23

Acid fast organisms (mycobacterium)

Front 24

India ink or mucimarine

Back 24

Cryptococcus neoformans

Front 25

Silver stain

Back 25

Fungi

Front 26

4 obligate aerobes

Back 26

Norcardia, pseudomonas, mycobacterium TB, bacillus

"Nagging Pests Must Breath"

Front 27

3 obligate anaerobes

Back 27

Clostridium, Bacteroides, Actinomyces

"Anaerobes Can't Breath Air"

Front 28

antibiotic resistant to anaerobes

Back 28

aminoglycosides

Front 29

2 antibiotics effective towards anaerobes

Back 29

Metronidazole and Clindamycin

Front 30

6 encapsulated bacteria

Back 30

Strep pneumo, H influ, N. meningit, Salm, Klebsla, GBS

"Some Killers have nice shiny bodies"

Front 31

5 catalase positive bugs

Back 31

S. aureus, Serratia, Pseudomonas, Candida, E coli

Front 32

Urease positive organisms

Back 32

Proteus, Ureaplasma, Nocardia, Cryptococcus, Hyplori, Klebsiella

(PUNCH-K)

Front 33

Protein A

Back 33

Staph Aureus
Binds Fe of Ig, prevents opsoniz and phagocytosis

Front 34

IgA protease

Back 34

cleaves IgA
S. pneumo, Hib, Neisseria

Front 35

M protein

Back 35

Group A streptococcus
Helps prevent phagocytosis

Front 36

Toxins that inactivates elongation factor (EF-2)

Back 36

Diptheria toxin (cornybact dipth) and Exotoxin A (pseudomonas)

Front 37

Toxins that inactivate 60S rubosome by cleaving rRNA

Back 37

Shiga Toxin (Shigella) and Shiga Like Toxin (EHEC, O157:H7)

Front 38

Toxin that overactivates cAMP --> increased Cl- secretion in the guy and H20 efflux

Back 38

Heat LABILE toxin (ETEC-->watery diarrhea)

Front 39

Toxin that overactivates guanylate cyclase (cGMP)--> decrease reabsorption of NaCl and H20 in the guy

Back 39

Heat STABILE toxin (ETEC-->watery diarrhea and Yersenia Entercolitica -->bloody diarrhea)

Front 40

Toxin that mimics adenylate cyclase enzyme (increase cAMP)

Back 40

Edema factor (Bacillus anthracis)

Front 41

Toxin that permanently activates Gs --> overactive cAMP
-->increased Cl- secretion in gut and water efflux

Back 41

Cholera toxin (Vibrio cholerae)

Front 42

Overactiv cAMP by DISABLING Gi --> imparing phagocytosis to permit survival of microbe

Back 42

Pertussis toxin (Bordetella pertussis)

Front 43

Toxin that cleaves SNARE protein required for NT release

Back 43

Tetanospasm- Clostridium Tetani
and Botulinum toxin - Clos botulinum

Front 44

Toxin that is a phospholipase, degrade tissue and cell membranes

Back 44

Alpha toxin (Clostridium perfringens)

Front 45

Toxin that degrades cell membrane `

Back 45

Streptolysin O (strep pyo)

Front 46

Superantigen, brings MHCII and TCR in proximity to cause an overwhelmin release of IFN gamma and IL2-->shock

Back 46

Exotoxin A (Strep pyo) and TSST1 (Staph aurues)

Front 47

Transformation

Back 47

ability to take up DNA from environment

(strep pneumo, Hib, and Neisseria)

Front 48

Conjugation

Back 48

Bacteria changing plasmid DNA
F+ plasmid has genes for conjugation

Front 49

Transposition

Back 49

Segment of DNA can jump frome one location to another to transfer genes from plasmmid to chromosome and vice versa

Front 50

Generalized transduction

Back 50

"packaging"- lytic phage infects bacterium--> cleavage of bacterial DNA and synthesis of viarl ptns.
parths of the bacterial chromosomal DNA may become packaged into the apsid, phage infections other bacterium transferring these genes

Front 51

specialized Transduction

Back 51

"excision" event
lsogenic phage infects the bacterium --> viral dna incorporated into the bacterial chromosome
-when the phage DNA is excised, flanking bacterial genes may be excised with it
-DNA is packaged into phage viral capsid, can infect another bacterium

Front 52

G+ branching filament, aerobe, acid fast

Back 52

Nocardia

Front 53

G+ branching filament, Anaerobe, not acid fast

Back 53

Actinomyces

Front 54

G+ Rods

Back 54

Clostridium (anaerobe)
Cornybacterium
Listeria
Bacillus

Front 55

G+ Cocci, Catalase +, Coagulase +

Back 55

Staph aureus

Front 56

G+ cocci, Catalase +, Coag-, Novobiocin sensitive

Back 56

S. epidermidis

Front 57

G+ cocci, Catalase +, Coagulase -, novobiocin resistent

Back 57

S Saprophyticus

Front 58

G+ "diplococci", Catalase -, Alpha hemolysis, Capsule, bile soluble, optochin sensitive

Back 58

S. pneumoniae

Front 59

G+ cocci, Catalase -, Alpha hemolytic, no capsule, optochin resistant, insoluble in bile

Back 59

Viridans strep

Front 60

G+ cocci, Catalase -, beta hemolysis, bacitracin sensitive

Back 60

Group A, S. pyogenes

Front 61

G+ cocci, Catalase -,beta hemolytic, bacitracin resistant

Back 61

Group B strep (Strep agalactiae)

Front 62

G+ cocci, Catalase -, no hemolysis (gamma), growth in bile and 6.5% NaCl

Back 62

Enterococcus (E faecalis)

Front 63

G+ cocci, Catalase -, gamma hemolysis, Grows in bile, NOT in 6.5% NaCl

Back 63

Non enterococcus (Strep Bovus)

Front 64

Strep pneumo is the most common cause of...

Back 64

MOPS- meningitis, otitis media (in kids), pneumonia, sinusitis

Front 65

Lancet shaped G+ diplococci

Back 65

Strep Pneumo

Front 66

Rusty sputum pneumonia

Back 66

strep pneumo

Front 67

produces CAMP factor that enlarges the area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus

Back 67

GBS

Front 68

Lab diagnosis based on G+ rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules

Back 68

Cornybacterium diptheriae

Front 69

Grows on tellurite agar

Back 69

Cornybacterium diptheriae

Front 70

Do an Elek test for toxin

Back 70

Cornybacterium diptheriae

Front 71

blocks GABA release from renshaw cells in the spinal cord--> spastic paralysis, trismus and risus sardonicus

Back 71

Tetanus

Front 72

C dif toxins=

Back 72

Toxin a= enterotoxin- binds to brush border of gut-

Toxin B- cytotoxin- destroys the cytoskeletal structure of the entercytes-->pseudomembranous colitis

Front 73

"actin rockets" to move from cell to cell
-characteristic tumbling motility

Back 73

Listeria monocytogenes

Front 74

mycobacteria--> pulmonary TB symptoms in COPD patients

Back 74

M. kansasii

Front 75

Triad for HUS

Back 75

anemia
thrombocytopenia
acute renal failure

Front 76

E. coli that doesnt ferment sorbitol

Back 76

EHEC

Front 77

4 A's of Klebsiella

Back 77

Aspiration pneumonia, Abscess in lung and liver, Alcoholics, diAbetics

Front 78

causes typhoid fever

Back 78

salmonella typhi

Front 79

propell themselves via actin polymerization

Back 79

shigella

Front 80

Antibiotics lengthen diarrheal illness

Back 80

salmonella

Front 81

common antecedant to guillan barre

Back 81

campylobacter jejuni

Front 82

Comma, S shaped G- grows in 42 C
oxidase +
-LIKES HEAT

Back 82

Campylobacter jejuni

Front 83

3 stages of lyme dx

Back 83

1. erythema chronicum migrans, flue like symptoms
2. Neurologic (bells palsy) and cardiac (AV node block)
3. Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
-bilateral bells palsy

Front 84

The Yaws

Back 84

Treponema Pertenue

Front 85

Early: "the snuffles"- blood tinged nasal secretions

Late signs: Saber shins, saddle nose, CNEII deafness, hutchinson's teeth, mulberry molars

Back 85

Congenitall syph

Front 86

False +'s in VDRL

Back 86

Viruses, Drugs, Rheumatic fever, Lupus and leprosy

Front 87

Bartonella

Back 87

Cat scratch

Front 88

Borrelia recurrentis

Back 88

Recurrent fever from the louse

Front 89

Brucella

Back 89

Brucellosis/undulent fever, from unpasturized dairy or animals
-problem in preggers

Front 90

Chlamydophila psittaci

Back 90

psittacosis from parrots/birds

Front 91

coxiella burnetti

Back 91

q fever, from spores from tick feces and cattle placenta

Front 92

Erhlichiosis chaffeensis

Back 92

Ehrlichiosis from lone star tick

Front 93

Franciscella tularensis

Back 93

tularemia from rabbits, ticks, deer fly

Front 94

Leptospira

Back 94

Leptosprosis from animal urine

Front 95

Mycobacterium leprae

Back 95

leprosy from armadillos

Front 96

Pasteruella multicoa

Back 96

cellulitis and osteomyeltis from animal bites

Front 97

Rickettsia prowazekii

Back 97

Epidemic typhus from louse

Front 98

Rickettsia rickettsii

Back 98

RMSF, from dermacentor tick bite

Front 99

Rickettsia typhi

Back 99

Endemic typhus from flea

Front 100

Yersenia pestis

Back 100

Plauge from flea bites, rodents or prarie dogs

Front 101

chlamydial cell wall lacks

Back 101

muramic acid

Front 102

high titer of cold agglutinins (IgM), grown on eatons agar, only bacterial membrane containing cholesterol (req cholesterol to grow!)

Back 102

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Front 103

chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications

Back 103

congenital toxoplasma gondii

Front 104

ring enhancing lesions on brain CT/MRI

Back 104

Toxoplasmosis gondii in HIV brain abscess

Front 105

Treatment for Toxoplasma gondii

Back 105

Sulfadiazine, pyrimethamine and folinic acid

Front 106

Treatment for Giardia

Back 106

MEtronidazole or tinidozole

Front 107

Tx for Entamoeba

Back 107

Intestinal-->metronidazole ar tinidazole
Cyst--> iodoquinol or parathomycin

Front 108

Tx for Trypanosoma brucei

Back 108

Suramin for blood borne dx, Melarsoprol for CNS penetration

Front 109

cyclic fever, headache, anemia, splenomegaly

Back 109

malaria

Front 110

48 hr cycle fever and dormant form in liver

Back 110

P. vivax/ovale

Front 111

Tx for P. vivax/ovale

Back 111

Chloroquine and primaquine (for dormant liver)

Front 112

Severe irregular fever patterns, parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in brain, kidnes and lungs

Back 112

P. falciparum

Front 113

Malaria w/ 72 hr cycle

Back 113

P. malariae

Front 114

Fever, hemolytic anemia, transmitted by ixodes tick, maltese cross and trophozoite ring form

Back 114

Babesia

Front 115

Spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia
transmitted from sand fly

Back 115

leishmania donovani