Micro

Front 1

The study of fungi ______ it is the study of _______ which are unicellular and the study of ______ which are multicellular and filamentous

Back 1

mycology

yeast

molds

Front 2

yeast are unicellular and reproduce by ________

molds have thread-like filaments called _________

Back 2

budding

hyphae

Front 3

there are two kinds of hyphae

1)with cross walls is called _____
2)no cross walls called ______ or _____

Back 3

septate hyphae

aseptate/nonseptate

Front 4

a mass of hyphae ________
in molds, mycelium that obtain nutrients are called__________

Back 4

mycelium

vegetative mycelium

Front 5

mycelium that produce spores are called _______ or _____ mycelium.

_______ are a means of reproduction for molds. There are sexual and asexual spores

Back 5

reproductive or aerial


spores

Front 6

*asexual spores*

1) fragmentated or regtangular = _______

2) budding yeast ex: candida albicans = ________

3) thick wall spores formed by segmentation of hyphae. They are septate hyphae that "round up" There are three types: terminal (at the end) intercalary(within the strand) and sessile(on the sides)= ________.

Back 6

1) arthrospores

2)blastospores

3)chlamydiospores

Front 7

*asexual spores*

4) produced in a chain. ex: penicillin there are various structures. sometimes a flask or vase-shape

5)form spores are the end of a hyphae. ex: rhizomes black bread mold

Back 7

4) conidiospores

5) sporangiospores

Front 8

*sexual spores*

1)the nucleus of a male passes through a bridge into a female cell and fusion of the nuclei produces a zygote = _______. the female cell becomes the ______ - a sac like structure which contains 2-8 ascospores. the cells divide by meiosis. ex:penicillin.

Back 8

1) ascaspores

ascus

Front 9

*sexual spore*

2) _________ are formed on a pedestal called a __________ it produces the spores. ex:mushroom cap

Back 9

basidiospores

basidium

Front 10

*sexual spores*

3)_______ or ______ are produced when 2 hyphae form an arm called a zygospore, they extend and meet each other. when they fuse it forms a thick wall called a ________ inside the zygospores develop. ex: rhizomes

Back 10

zygospore or oospores

zygosporangium

Front 11

some fungi have 2 forms of growth, they are called ______ fungi.

they grow at _____ as a yeast,
and _____ as a mold. Dimorphic fungi produce the most fatal and serious systemic disease.

Back 11

dimorphic

37 C (body temp)
25 c (room temp)

Front 12

there are 2 phylum of fungi:

________ fungi-nonpathogens
________ fungi or deuteromycota

Back 12

perfect

imperfect

Front 13

Imperfect fungi produce:

a) _____ - no sexual spores seen
b)they are ______ fungi
c) this phylum is a temporary holding category
d) it contains the _________ which infect skin,hair & nails. They produce the disease ringworm called _________

Back 13

a) asexual
b) pathogenic
d) dermatophytes

tinea

Front 14

tinea ________ ringworm nails

tinea _________ ringworm beard & neck

tinea ________ ringworm of the scalp. ______ is outside hair shaft. ______ is inside hairs haft.
ex: black dot ringworm caused by trichophyton tonsurans
ex: microsporum can is cat & dog fluoresce
ex: M AUDOUINII school children hair fluoresce

Back 14

unguium

barbae

capitis
ectothrix
endothrix

Front 15

tinea _______ ringworm of the body ( circular patches)

tinea ______ ringworm of groin and anal region called "jock itch"


tinea ______ athletes foot, chronic vs acute

Back 15

corporis

cruris

pedis

Front 16

tinea _______ discolored areas of the skin, cosmetic,liver spots,age spots. Dec in epithelia cell turnover rate & exposure to the sun

Back 16

vesicolor

Front 17

a dimorphic fungi found in timber,rose thorns, and metal particles like steel-wool, implants in tissue of minor cuts causes a disease called ______ fever & is caused by _________

Back 17

rose fever

sporothrix

Front 18

candida albicans is a dimorphic yeast. its found on the mucous membranes of the mouth,throat,and vagina. It can be normal flora of bowel skin & vagina.

Back 18

when normal flora is upset- a yeast infection develops.

Front 19

disease candida can cause:

1) ____ _____ infants,elderly,diabetics, oral contraceptives, riboflavin def

2) ___________

3)_______ "burn skin appearance"

4)_______ causes them to be thick and hard

Back 19

1) oral thrush

2)vulvovaginitis

3)cutaneious

4)nails

Front 20

5) ______ are usually a secondary infection to bacteria or cancer etc. the disease is called "candidiasis"

6)_______ infections esp in diabetics, sexually, and vulovovaginitis cases

Back 20

5) lungs


6)urinary

Front 21

7)__________ candidiases can occur when antibiotics destroy normal flora of the intestine

8)__________ candid can cause endocarditis, infect the brain and the blood

Back 21

7)intestinal

8)systemic

Front 22

candida albicans can be identified in the lab by: 1)growth at room temps- the mycelial form grows as a smooth white colony with a wine odor.
2) the mold(mycelial)form produces ________

Back 22

chlamydospores

Front 23

3) production of _____ _______ take unknown yeast colonies of specimen and inoculate into 1 ml serum and incubate (37 C) for 2-4 hours. Then examine drop of serum on a microscopic slide for the presence of _____ _______

Back 23

germ tubes

germ tubes


(a germ tube is a hyphae that proceeds from a bud)

Front 24

Cryptococcus infects _____, _____, and _______. if it invades the CNS it can be fatal. it is found in soil and from pigeon droppings. Pigeons carry it on their feet and beaks. It enters via the reps tract

Back 24

lung, brain and bone

Front 25

Histoplasma entered through the respiratory route by inhaling spores from the soil and old decayed bird droppings from chicken, wild birds and bats. A lesion occurs in the lungs, it heals and calcifies, the disease is similar to ________.

Back 25

T.B

Front 26

Aspergillus causes a _____ _____ in the lungs.

Back 26

fungus ball

Front 27

A. flavus produces _________ in food that can be carcinogens to the liver

Back 27

alfatoxins

Front 28

a. fumigatus causes Malts Workers Disease. It can be found in the soil & manure, causes __________


(mycosis= __________)

Back 28

allergic reactions


fungal disease

Front 29

__________ mycosis infects the outer labor of skin,hair, and nails. ex: dermatophytes cause ringworm or tine.

Back 29

superficial

Front 30

________ mycosis destroys the keratin of the skin,hair,nails. ex: dematophytes & candida

Back 30

cutaneous

Front 31

__________ mycosis infects skin,muscle & connective tissue. ex: sporothrix (rose fever)

Back 31

subcutaneous

Front 32

_______ mycosis infects deep tissue & organs, usually fatal. ex: histoplasma & cryptococcus

Back 32

systemic

Front 33

fungi that spread though the body is said to _________

Back 33

desseminate

Front 34

the parasites consist of the ______ and the _______ (worms)

Back 34

protozoans & helminths

Front 35

Protozoans are seen microscopically. They are eukaryotic cells. Classified on basis of motility. Complex cell structure. reproduce ______ or _______. some make ______ in the dormant form.

Back 35

sexually or asexually.

some make cysts (not all)

Front 36

-helminths

________ consist of flukes & tapeworms

_______ have a complex life cycle

Back 36

flatworms

roundworms

Front 37

the _______ host harbors the adult stage

Back 37

definitive

Front 38

the ________ host harbors the larva stage

Back 38

intermediate

Front 39

flatworms: platyhelminths. are ________ have male & female organs with flat like bodies (like a leaf) with an ______ digestive system

Back 39

harmaphroditic


incomplete

Front 40

there are four important flukes ( flatworms: platyhelminths)

Back 40

1. intestinal
2.lung
3.liver
4.blood

Front 41

life cycle of a fluke:
1) the ____ are deposited into water & develop into a ______

Back 41

eggs

miracidiui

Front 42

life cycle of a fluke:
2)it hatches, enters into a snail & asexually reproduces a ______

Back 42

rediae

Front 43

life cycle of a fluke:
3) They develop into _______ which bore out of the snail

Back 43

cercaria

Front 44

life cycle of a fluke:
4) They penetrate crayfish & enayst as a _______ in the muscle and tissue of fish

Back 44

metacercaria

Front 45

life cycle of a fluke:
5)man eats the fish and it develops into an adult _____

Back 45

fluke

Front 46

transmission of helminth disease to humans is usually by _______

Back 46

GI route

Front 47

tapeworms are intestinal parasites that feed on intestinal contents. they have a head called the _________, ut nat gave suckors or a row of hooks & suckers or grooves for attachment

Back 47

scolex

Front 48

teania saginata is the ________ tapeworm. It has 4 ______ on its scolex. the sections or segments of the tapeworm are called _______.

Back 48

beef
suckors
proglottids

Front 49

at the neck region = _________. ones that contain reproductive organs =_______. large segments at the end of the worm contain the eggs are called _______.

Back 49

immature proglottids
mature proglottids
gravid proglottids

Front 50

anthropods transmit disease by sucking blood of humans, some are :

Back 50

mites,ticks,lice,fleas,mosquitos ,assassin or kissing bug