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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what type of virus is polio?
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picornavirus
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what type of virus is hepatitis A?
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picornavirus
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what type of virus is rhinovirus?
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picornavirus
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where is the initial infection of polio virus?
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intestinal epithelia or pharynx and remains there throughout the disease progression
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where will polio first replicate?
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submucosal lymphoid tissue (peyer's patch or tonsils)
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what is the primary viremia of polio?
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mild throat or GI manifestations
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where will polio replicate after its first viremia?
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reticuloendothelial system
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what are the 3 versions of polio's secondary viremia?
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absorptive poliomyelitis
aseptic meningitis (nonparalytic) paralytic poliomyelitis |
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what is absorptive poliomyelitis?
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nonspeficic febrile illness for 2-3 days without CNS involvement
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what is aseptic meningitis (nonparalytic polio)?
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signs of meningeal irritation but with rapid and complete recovery
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what is paralytic polio?
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recovery may take 6 months
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what does the severity of polio symptoms depend on?
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age at infection (increases with age)
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how long will polio be able to be recovered from stool?
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two months later
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what does immunity to polio depend highly on?
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humoral responses
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will patients deficient in cell mediated immunity have exacerbation of disease?
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no
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how can polio be treated?
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injecting of Ig
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who is the treatment of polio reserved for?
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neonates or Ig deficiency
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how long is the incubation period for rotavirus?
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24-48 hours
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where is the initial infection for rotavirus?
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mature villus tip cells of small intestine
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how does rotavirus cause damage?
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tip cell death leads to replacement by cells that cannot absorb nutrients as efficienctly, leading to osmotic diarrhea
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what can the symptoms be with rotavirus?
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can range from mild diarrhea to severe dehydrating diarrhea
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what is the progression of symptoms with rotavirus?
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begins as vomiting, then abdominal cramps and diarrhea
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how long does rotavirus last?
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2-8 days
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what plays a large role in viral clearance of rotavirus?
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humoral immunity
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what are the targets for neutralizing antibodies in rotavirus?
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vP4 and VP7 (neutralizing antibodies to the outer shell)
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who can have the vaccine for rotavirus and why?
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only 3 months or younger due to concerns over a potentially fatal complication
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how can rotavirus be confirmed?
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stool sample
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how is rotavirus treated?
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oral fluids (usually does not require IV rehydration)
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what is the main source of noravirus?
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foodborne outbreaks associated with unsanitary workers
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what are 2 unlikely sources of noravirus?
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waterborne outbreaks
uncooked shellfish/seafood with no fecal contamination |
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what happens after noravirus infection?
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the intestinal villi and microvilli become blunted and shortened creating crypt hyperplasia and an increase in PMNs/lymphocytes
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what causes diarrhea in norovirus?
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malabsorption of carbs and fats without adenylate cyclase involvement
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what causes nausea in norovirus?
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delayed gastric motor function
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how long does norovirus last?
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12-60 hours
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what symptoms is more common in children infected with norovirus?
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nausea
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what symptom is more common in adults infected with norovirus?
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watery diarrea
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is there long-lasting immunity with norovirus?
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no, only short term to the same strain
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what is the correlation between existing antibodies to norovirus and resistance?
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inverse relationship
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what may confer immunity to norovirus?
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certain ABO and lewis blood groups
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what virus is significant because it causes symptoms other than vomiting and diarrhea?
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picornovirus
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what virus is significant because it commonly occurs in children under 2 during winter months?
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rotavirus
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what virus is significant because it may cause travelers diarrhea?
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rotavirus
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what virus is significant because it has nausea is its primary symtpom?
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calcivirus
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what virus is significant because it is a short term cluster infection associated with food contamination?
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calcivirus
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what virus is significant because it occurs in older children and adults?
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calcivirus
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