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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How big are most bacteria?
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0.15 - 10 microns
*Limit of Human Vision ~30 microns |
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Bacteria of all sizes:
A. 0.1 - 0.3 microns? B. 0.5 x 1-3 microns? C. 1-1.3 x 3-10 microns? |
A. Rickettsiae and Mycoplasma
B. Escherichia coli C. Bacillus anthracis |
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Bacterial Nucleus
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Nucleoid
Typically a SINGLE, CIRCULAR molecule. (though many are not) E.coli = 5,000Kb Mycoplasma = 600Kb |
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Cytoplasmic Membrane
Composition? Membrane Proteins? (3) Membrane Properties? (4) |
25% Lipid, 70% Protein
Peripheral, Integral, Transmembrane - Permeable to H2O and small hydrophobic molecules. (Specificity req for most uptake) - >200 different proteins - Directionality of membrane - No sterols *Unlike Eukaryotes |
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What is Peptidoglycan (structure)?
What is DAP? |
G-M-G-M-G-M (NAG; NAM)
extending down from M is: L-ala, D-glu, DAP, D-ala Cross-linking occurs between DAP and D-ala DAP = DiAminoPamelic acid. Unique aa to bacteria. |
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Cross-linking inhibited by?
Other steps in peptidoglycan synth are inhibited by> (3) |
B-lactams (Penicillins and Cephalosporins)
Bacitracin (prevents regen of phospholipid carrier) Vacomycin (glycopeptide) - (bind D-ala, prevent intrxns) Cycloserine (inhibts incorporation of D-ala) |
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PAMP
T/F. PAMP is a type of PG |
Pathogen Associated Molecular Protein
False, PG is a type of PAMP PGs are recognized by cells of the innate system. |
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Gram Positive Cell Wall
Contains __% more/less PG than Gram NEG Contains Unique Compound? |
50-90% MORE PG
Teichoic Acid and/or Teichuronic Acid. A polyhydroxy alcohol phosphate compound. (either Glycerols and/or Ribitols) |
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Gram Negative Cell Wall
Unique compound? Compound is classified as a __A__ and will cause __B__ |
LPS (Lipopolysaccharide) [aka Endotoxin]
composed of Lipid - TOXIC portion AND Carbo - ANTIGENIC A. PAMP (reacts w TLR4) B. Endotoxic Shock |
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Gram Negative Outer Membrane
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Strong permeability barrier
Barrier to both hydro-philic/phobic solutes Have PORINS (entry for B-lactams and fluoroquinolones) Mutate Porin - still functional, but bacteria now resistant to antibiotics |
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Capsules and Slime Layers
Composition? Function? |
Capsule = sharply delineated
Slime Layer = extensive and diffuse Organic Polymer - "Capsular Substances" -Carbs, AnimoSugars, Sugar Acids -D-glu -99% water Not required for maintenance. May protect bacteria against Phagocytes Produce Biofilms |
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Flagella
Structure, Function, Orientation |
Single Filament used for MOVEMENT in liquid media
Flagellum rotates like a propeller Flagella are PAMS which react with TLR5 Can be: Monopolar Bipolar Peritrichous |
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Pili
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Fimbriae
Used for Receptor-Specific Adhesion Have a Host Specificity Purified to make a VACCINE |
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Spores (Endospores)
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Have highly dehydrated Dormant stage
Formed in BACILLUS, and CLOSTRIDIUM Resistant to heat, dessication, radiation, chemical reagents |
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Process of Bacterium becoming a Spore?
Process of Spores becoming Bacteria? |
Sporulation (inadequate nutrition for bacteria may stimulate sporulation)
Germination |
