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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Introducing a small sample into a container of medium allowing it to reproduce and grow.
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Inoculation
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Placing a sample into an environment that encourages growth. Warmer temps. usually encourage growth, colder temps. usually discourage growth.
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Incubation
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The key to isolation is:
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dilution
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A macroscopic group of genetically identical cells that arose from a single cell.
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colony
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A container with two or more species on or in it.
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mixed culture
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A container with only one species on or in it.
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pure culture
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An unknown or unwanted microbe in a container.
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contaminant
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Taking a single colony and putting it on a new medium.
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subculturing
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Steps in the micro lab:
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1) Inoculation
2) Incubation 3) Isolation 4) Inspection 5) Identification |
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Methods of identification:
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-by microscopic morphology:
shape,staining reactions -biochemical tests -DNA analysis |
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Two categories of microbe nutrition:
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macronutrients & micronutrients
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Those nutrients that are required in large quantities; play principle roles in cell structure and metabolism. What are they?
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macronutrients;
-Carbon -Hydrogen -Oxygen -Phosphorous -Sulfur -Nitrogen |
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those nutrients that are required in small amounts; involved in enzyme function and maintenance of protein structure. Some important ones are?
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micronutrients or trace elements
-Sodium -Calcium -Iron -Magnesium -Potassium |
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chemical composition of cytoplasm:
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-70% water
-lots of proteins (structural & functional) -97% of cell is composed of the following elements: -Carbon -Hydrogen -Oxygen -Phosphorous -Sulfur -Nitrogen |
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In obtaining Carbon, an organism that must obtain carbon in an organic form made by other living organisms.
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Heterotroph
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In obtaining Carbon, an organism that uses CO2, an inorganic gas as it's carbon source.
-Not dependent on living things |
Autotroph
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In obtaining energy, an organism that obtains energy from light rays (photosynthetic)
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Phototroph
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In obtaining energy, an organism that obtains energy from chemical bonds
-Some use simple inorganic molecules (H2, H2S, etc.) -Some use complex molecules from other organisms |
Chemotroph
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Describe a photoautotroph
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Energy Source= sunlight
Carbon Source= CO2 |
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Describe a chemoautotroph
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Energy Source= Simple inorganic chemicals
Carbon Source= CO2 |
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Describe a photoheterotroph
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Energy Source= sunlight
Carbon Source= organic |
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Describe a chemoheterotroph
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Energy Source= metabolizing organic compounds
Carbon Source= organic |
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What are each of the common macronutrients used for in the cell?
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Hydrogen- Bonding & PH balance
Oxygen- Carbohydrate, lipid, & protein formation; Metabolism Phosphorous- Part of the structure of DNA & ATP Sulfur- Important component in many vitamins & some proteins Nitrogen- DNA, ATP, & Proteins |
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What are micronutrients usually needed for?
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as co-factors for enzymes
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organic compounds that cannot be synthesized by an organism & must be provided as a nutrient. Such as?
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Growth factors
ie. -vitamins -essential amino acids |
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Some organisms are _______ and require growth factors present in their environment in order to grow.
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fastidious
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two most commonly used forms of media in the micro lab:
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nutrient broth- liquid medium containing beef extract & peptone
nutrient agar- solid media containing beef extract, peptone, & agar |
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complex polysaccharide isolated from red algae. properties?
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Agar;
-provides framework to hold moisture & nutrients -not digestible for most microbes - solid at room temp. but liquifies at 100°C; re-solidifies at 42°C |
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4 different types of media:
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-synthetic
-complex -general purpose -enriched |
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Media that contains pure organic and inorganic compounds in an exact chemical formula.
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synthetic media
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Media that contains at least one ingredient that is not chemically definable.
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complex media
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Media that grows a broad range of microbes, usually complex
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general purpose media
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Media that contains complex organic substances such as blood, serum, hemoglobin, or special growth factors required by fastidious microbes.
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enriched media
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Type of media that contains one or more agents that inhibit growth of some microbes and encourage growth of the desired microbes.
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Selective media
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Type of media that allows growth of several types of microbes and displays visible differences among desired and undesired microbes.
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Differential media
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