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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe Bacterial Genome
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Single chromosome
Circular Contains: plasmids, transposons, prophages |
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Describe Bacterial Replication - how is it different and how is it similar to eukaryote rep.
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Bidirectional
Semi-conservative Binary Fission every 20 min+ |
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What do the quinolones inhibit?
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DNA gyrase
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What are the 4 phases of bacterial growth?
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Lag
Log Stationary Death |
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What happens in the lag phase?
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Slow growth
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What happens in the log phase?
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Exponential multiplication
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What happens in the stationary phase?
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More competition - growth plateaus
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What happens in the death phase?
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Bacteria die off - waste builds up & food depleated
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What are the forms of Bacterial Metabolism?
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1. Fermentation
2. Anaerobic Respiration 3. Aerobic Respiration |
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Fermentation
- terminal electron acceptor? - oxygen required? |
- organic molecules
- anaerobic - yields acids, alcohols & gases |
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Anaerobic respiration
- terminal electron acceptor? - oxygen required? |
uses NO3, SO4(2-), CO2 as e- acceptors
anaerobic |
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Aerobic
- terminal electron acceptor? - oxygen required? |
Oxygen
Yes |
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Microaerophilic bacteria - conditions?
- examples? |
Grows best at low O2, can grow w/o O2
- ex: H. pylori |
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Anaerobic bacteria - conditions?
- examples? |
Killed by O2, ferments
- C. botulinum |
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Facultative anaeobic bacteria - conditions?
- examples? |
respires in presence of O2, ferments in absense
- e. coli, Shigella, Staph. |
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What's a plasmid?
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Autonomous self-replicating extrachromosomal elements
- circular double stranded DNA - conjugative - self-transmissable - mobile |
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Ways bacterial exchange genetic info?
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Transformation
Conjugation transduction |
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What is tranformation?
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single b. takes up foreign DNA
- b.'s don't have to contact e/o |
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What is conjugation?
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B.sex - transfer of b/w b.'s by self-transmissable plasmids or transposons
requires cell contact - F-pilus |
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N. gonorrhoeae
- Gram what? - causes what? - treatment? |
Gram neg. cocci
Causes gonorrhea --> PID & epididymitis; pink eye, arthritis - can be antisymptom. Treated w/ penecillin |
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n. meningitidis (meningococcus)
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Gram neg. cocci
Causes meningitis & septicemia, pneumonia, arthritis - inflam. Of meningese --> phagocytes --> SF Heavily encapsulated, contain hemolysis Treated w/ penecillin, vaccine |
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Characteristics of Neisseria
- examples |
Gram Neg. cocci
ALL oxidase POSITVE gonorrhea, menningococcus |
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How does N. gonorrhea evade host defense?
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Hypervariable pilin genes
Blocks antiBs Fe acquisition LOS-lipo-oligosaccharides |
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What does chlamydiae characteristics? cause?
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Gram Neg., no peptidoglycan
Small Obligate intracellular pathogen 2 stage life-cycle: elementary, replicative |
