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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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normal skin flora (5)
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staph aureus
corynebacterium propionibacterium candida malassezia |
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folliculitis =
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minor infection of hair follicle
ususally due to staph aureus |
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fornuncle =
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follicultis lesions that develop into deeper inflammatory nodules
may also be a complication of acne |
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carbuncle =
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spread of furuncle to adjacent structures
chronic furunclulosis may be a DTH |
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major virulence factor in staph aureus and what does it do
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protein A - prevents antibody from attaching to the phagocytes by binding to the Fc regions of IgG
prevents phagocytosis and the complement cascase |
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primary agent in strep impetigo
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Group a strep
comlication of strep pyogenes infection |
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glomerular nephritis is a complication of
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pyogenes pyoderma
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primary agent in cellulitits
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GAS
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what is facial erysipelas a type of and what is it characterized by?
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type of cellulitis
characterized by sharply demarcated border |
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what is SSSS
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staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
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what is the primary agent in SSSS
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staph aureus and its toxin exfoliatins
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primary agent in rocky mountain spotted fever
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rickettsia richettsii acquired by tick bite
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appearance/location of rocky mountain spotted fever
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rash on palms, wrists, ankles, and soles which spread to the rest of the body
raised and hemorrhagic |
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primary agent in rickettsialpox
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rickettsia akari acquired by a colorless mite
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appearance of rickettsialpox
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Paulovesicular rash with rapid fever that develops 3-7 days after the rash
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primary agent in epidemic typhus
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rickettsia prowazekii
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appearance of epidemic typhus
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rash develops 7 days after fever
maculopapular petichial or hemorrhagic usually begins at trunk and spreads to extremities |
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brill-zinsser disease
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recrudescent epidemic typhus that occurs years after initial infection
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primary agent in lyme disease
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borrelia borgdorferi
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appearance of lyme disease
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target shaped rash (erythema migran)
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primary agent in cat scratch disease
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bartonella hensale
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symptoms of cat scratch disease
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febrile lymphadenitis
conjunctivitis, encephalitis, prolonged fever triggers angiogenesis |
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primary agent in cutaneous anthrax
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bacillus anthracis
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appearance of anthrax
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papules formed by a ring of vesicles
vesiclular ring ruptures central, depressed black necrotic region forms |
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primary agent in scarlet fever
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GAS
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appearance of scarlet fever
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bad sunburn with small puritic bumps first found on neck and face
strawberry tongue |
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primary agent in chickenpox
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herpes varicella
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appearance of chicken pox
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small red spots that errupt into pus filled blisters then form crust
begins on back and trunk |
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primary agent in shingles
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herpes zoster
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primary agent in rubeola (measles)
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rubeola virus
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appearance of measles
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kopliks spots
maculopapular lesions on head that spread over the body so extensive they fuse to form red patches |
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what are koplik's spots
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found in measles
look like grains of salt surrounded by a red halo found in the mucous membranes of the mouth |
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primary agent in smallpox
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poxvirade virus
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appearance of smallpox
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raised bumps that develop into pustules that scab over
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primary agent in warts
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papillomavirus
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what are tinea responsible for?
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superficial cutaneous mysoses
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pathogenesis of dermatophytes
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keritinase which dissolves keratin and then utilizes it as a nutrient
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what does malassezia furfur cause?
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tinea versicolor
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what does ringworm look like?
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rash at site of infection consisting of a scaly area
involved nails become thickened and brittle patchy areas of hair loss on the scalp |
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what is are subcutaneous mycoses
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chronic, localized infections of skin and subcutaneous tissues
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what does chromoblastomycosis look like?
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rounded, sclerotic bodies
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what does phaeohyphomycosis look like?
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black fungi
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what does mycetoma look like?
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hard nodule which softens and ulcerates with discharge of viscous, purulent fluid
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what does sporotrichosis look like?
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chronic ulcer at wound site
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what is psoriasis due to
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increased keratinocyte proliferation
keratinocyte cell cycle is shortened |
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coagulase is a virulence factor in
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staph aurerus
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what is alpha toxin and what bacteria is it found in?
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found in staph auerus and clostridial myonecrosis
attaches to host cell membrane and makes holes |
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how does staph epidemidis gain entry into the body?
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little invasive ability but once it adheres to a plastic surface (heart valve, etc) it forms a biofilm
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virulence factors in necrotizing facitis (6)
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exotoxin A
exotoxin B streptolysin S DNAse hyaluronidase streptokinase |
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what does exotoxin A do?
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a superantigen that causes toxic shock
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what does exotoxin B do?
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a protease which destroys tissue by breaking down proteins
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what does streptolysin S do?
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one of the most potent bacterial toxins known, able to kill many different types of human cells
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what does hyaluronidase do?
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degrades hyaluronic acid between cells
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what does streptokinase do?
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dissolves blood clots
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what is the primary infectious agent for wounds?
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pseudomonas aeruginosa
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characterisitics of pseudomonas aeruginosa (6)
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opprotunisitc pathogen
widespread in enviornment gram - motile produces characterisitc green color in infected wounds grape, sweet odor |
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clinical manifestation of pseudomonas
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tissue damage, prevention of healing, increased risk of septic shock due to circulating pathogens (not toxins)
localized hemorrhages and tissue necrosis |
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what is the primary agent in tetanus?
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clostridium tetani
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what is the virulence factor in tetanus
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tetanospasmin
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what is the mechanism by which tetanospasmin work?
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carried by the cytoplasm of neuron's axon to its cell body
tetanospasmin then blocks the action of the inhibitor neurons, therefore the muscle will usually contract |
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basis for tetanus immunization
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against the toxin, not the pathogen itself
uses inactivated tetanus toxin |
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what is the primary agent in clostridial myonecrosis?
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clostridium perfringes
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what is clostridial myonecrosis also called?
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gas gangrene
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what are the clinical symptoms of gas gangrene
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swelling of wound with thin bloody or brownish leaking fluid
fluid appears frothy due to gas formation |
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what are the virulence factors in gas gangrene? (3)
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alpha toxin - main factor
theta toxin lecithinase |
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how does alpha toxin work? (5)
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destroys host cell membrane
lethal necrotizing hemolytic cardiotoxic |
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what does alpha toxin target? (5)
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erythrocytes
leukocytes platelets fibroblasts muscle cells |
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characteristics of pasteurella multocida (3)
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gram -
capsules are antiphagocytic known to cause fowl-cholera |
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how is pasteurella contracted?
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bite wounds
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what is the vector in leshmaniasis?
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sand fly
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what does leshmanisis cause?
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localized ulcer or nodule
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what is the primary agent in scabies?
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sarcoptes scabei
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what are the clinical symptoms of scabies
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rashes, commonly between fingers and wrists
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define paronychia
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inflammation of the nail folds, usually due to staph aureus
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how is a subungal hematoma differentiated from a pseudomonas infection?
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a pseudomonas infection will NOT be painful to the touch
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how is the nail susceptible to a psuedomnas infection?
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chronic exposure to water and soap can life the nail plate up creating a damp space
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what is herpetic whitlow?
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herpes infection on the fingers that is extremely painful due to swollen fingertips
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what are the four types of onchomycosis and where to the enter?
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proximal subungal - enters at the cuticle
white superficial - enters the nail directly candida - enters from the tip of the nail distal subungal - enters from below the nail |
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what are the two most fungal nail infections?
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tricophyton rubrun and mentagrophytes
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