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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Morphology of Enterobacteriaceae?
O2 req? Where are they found? |
Gram Negative Rods
Facultative Anaerobes Intestine (mostly Ileum and Colon, *anaerobes outnumber Coliforms here, but there are still ~10^9 Coliforms) and plants |
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Eneterobacteriacae aka?
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Coliforms
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Whats the big deal with these coliforms?
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They have a large antibiotic resistance
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Who does E. coli infect?
Where? Are they very pathogenic? |
Warm blooded hosts
Distal ileum to colon Some strains virulent, some avirulent |
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Where do the virulent strains come from?
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Asymptomatic carriers
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What diseases are associated with E. coli?
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Enteric colibacillosis - diarrhea
- neonatal pigs, rums, dogs, cats - nursing/weaning pigs (stress, diet change) - traveler's diarrhea in humans |
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Delivery differences in the following toxins:
ETEC EPEC STEC |
ETEC - outside cell, penetrates enterocyte
EPEC - needle drives toxins into cells STEC outside cell, travels all the way through enterocyte, enters bloodstream |
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ETEC
What does it stand for? What does it cause? How does it colonize? How does it damage host? |
EnteroToxigenic E. Coli
watery diarrhea fimbriae, pili, adhesins Enterotoxins Heat labiles = 1A5B - ^CAMP -- ^Cl -- low Na resportion -- ^H2O efflux Heat stables = pepties - STa -- ^cGMP |
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EPEC
What does it stand for? What is it also known as? How does it damage host? |
EnteroPathogenic E.Coli
Attaching and Effacing E. Coli (AEEC) Inject bacterial molecules into host: Affect cytoskeletal machinery Signal transduction mechs - attach and efface lesions - loss of microvilli, effacement and cupping |
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What is really cool about what the EPEC inject into you?
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They inject molecules to make Receptors for their fellow EPECs.
Also causes actin polymerization which forms of Pedastool |
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Why does EPEC cause diarrhea?
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*Loss of Absorptive Surfaces*
Mess w/ Integrity of tight jnxns |
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STEC
What does it stand for? What weapons do they have? What does it cause? How is it transmitted? |
ShigaToxin producing E. Coli
EPEC weapons (injection / pedastool) SHIGA-TOXIN = 1A5B Hemorrhagic colitis, Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) Really hits younger animals. Knocks out Kidneys. Don't eat undercooked meat! Animals can transmit the Dz to humans. (Meat, Milk, manure used for crops - Lettuce, Sprouts, Potatoes) |
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E. coli in pigs?
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Pig Edema Disease (E. coli enterotoxemia)
Ateriopathy, edema (subQ, cardia, mesocolon) Neurological disorders in weaned pigs Produces Shigatoxin => Vasotoxin |
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Non enteric E. coli?
(4 non-enteric infections) |
Septicemia
(Ig def, make sure newborn gets colostrum) (Colibacillosis in poultry) Mastitis (MMA - Metritis, Mastitis, Agalaciae Syndrome) UTIs (cystitis in dogs, cats) Nosocomial infections |
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Endotoxin in SMALL amounts will activate _______ to _______:
Macrophages/Monocytes B-Lymphocytes Complement |
Up IL's and TNS --> Acute Phase Proteins and Fever
Up Antibody Synth Up Alternative Path -- Inflammation |
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Endotoxin in LARGE amounts will cause: (2 things)
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Macrophage/Monocytes --- Up IL1 and TNFa ---> SHOCK
Hageman Factor -- release of clotting factors ---> DIC |
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What element to bacteria compete for (and thus steal from) the host?
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Iron
Use siderophores as Iron Sequestrants |
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Can E. coli infect the urinary tract too?
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Yes! UPEC = Uropathogenic E. coli
Look for PMNs in urine, decent indicator |
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4 F's of Hygiene
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Finger
Feces Food Flies |
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Salmonella
Reservoir? Infect? Trasmitted? |
Intestinal Tract of humans/animals
S. enterica subgenus I = pathogen of warm-blooded animals Water/Food contaminated w/feces Milk, meat, eggs Pasture and Farm Animal Feeds |
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What Dz does Salmonella cause?
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Bacteremia or Septicemia
Gastroenteritis |
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Salmonella v E. coli infections?
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E. coli tend to stay in the gut
Salmonella invade (thru M-cells in Peyer's Patches, thru Dendritic cells to Lymph nodes, or just Transepithelially migrating. |
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How can S. typhi hurt you?
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Ingest S. typhi
1. Small Intestine -- Inflamm/Ulceration -- DIARRHEA, HEMORRHAGE 2. Taken into Lymph -- Spleen -- Liver -- Bile -- GallBladder -- CHOLECYSTITIS 3. Lymph -- Spleen -- Liver -- Blood -- SEPTICEMIA, Fever, Kidneys and more infected. |
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Therapy for Salmonella
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Wide Spectra Antibiotics
for carriers -don't use antibiotics -survey feces -maintain good hygiene -freeze, pasteurize, etc... Vaccinate |
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What bacteria was responsible for the Black Death / the Bubonic Plague
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Yersinia pestis
Gram NEG Rods |
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Reservoir for Yersinia pestis?
How is it transmitted? Hosts? |
Rodents
Flea (vector) - or Aerosol (pneumonic plague) Mammals are host. Including Dog, Cat, Human |
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How fast will pneumonic plague kill you?
What does bubonic plague look like? |
3-5 days
Flippin Huge Lymph Nodes - filled with Y. pestis which replicates like crazy. (BLACK) |
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What's the deal with Proteus?
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P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris
Otitis externa & UTI's Have Urease and Flagella Polymyxin and Nitrofurantoin Resistant |
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What's the deal with Klebsiella?
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K. pneumoniae
Mucosa of animals/humans (Genital tract, Respiratory tract) Has a Capsule Ampicillin Resistant |
