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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
416. Ingestion of a raw potato delivers a new vaccine protein to elicit an immune response. The immune structure to interact with the vaccine protein?
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Lamina propria mucosae
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417. Inflammation and the resulting increase in vascular permeability permit leakage into damaged or infected sites are effected by
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Phagocytic cells and acute phase proteins
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418. The serum of a pt, who has IgG and IgM deficiency, appears to fix complement in an assay for tetanus antibodies. What is the explanation?
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Activation of the alternate pathway
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419. A 3-year-old boy with genetic C3 deficiency has recurrent ear and lung infections due to pyogenic bacteria. Deficiency of what?
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B lymphocytes
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420. A very young child, w/ recurrent infections due to Staphylococcus aureus, now has numerous granulomas. TOW?
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Chronic granulomatous dz
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421. Treatment with which protease enzyme causes decrease in avidity of IgG w/o changing the specificity of the antibody?
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Papain
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422. Cells activated by both γ-IFN and CD40 are
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Macrophages
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423. High-dose chemo has caused severe bone marrow suppression in a pt with hematologic malignancy. Reversal is plausible with what?
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GCSF
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424. Function of the T-lymphocyte receptor (CD3) complex of transmembrane proteins?
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Signal transduction
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425. The MHC class I pathway presents an antigen directly to what?
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CD8+ T lymphocytes
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426. HSV infection can block the transfer of antigenic peptides from the cytoplasm to the ER of the infected cells. As a result of this, action of what cell type is compromised?
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CD8+ T cells
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427. Infection of the thyroid gland can induce the expression of MHC II molecules. Which cell types would initiate an autoimmune response, leading to Hashimoto’s thyroiditis?
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CD4+ T cells.
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428. PPD skin test (+) in a pt , who was vaccinated against turberculosis in his native country, reflects response of what cell type?
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CD4+ T lymphocytes (Th1 response → γ-IFN)
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429. A man with hx of MI is given a morphine injection for a new episode of chest pain; 10 mins later, he has itching and urticaria. Mechanism of this reaction?
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mediators from sensitized mast cells
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430. Loss of skin pigments, sense of touch, inability to feel objects and pain in a pt from Africa, whose skin scraping contains AFBs, is caused by
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Th1-mediated DTH reactions
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431. A man with polycystic kidney dz, who receives a renal transplant and cyclosporine, develops a high temp and swelling and tenderness in the grafted kidney. TOW?
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Immunity to the donor MHC antigens.
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432. A man who now has progressive stupor and laryngeal spasms for 3 days after pt was being attacked by a wild bat in a cave a month ago should have received
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Inactivated rabies virus vaccine
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433. Alternative and lectin pathways of complements activated
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bacterial surfaces
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434. Classic complement pathway is activated by antibody-antigen complexes involving antibody class type
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IgM >> IgG
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435. Chemotactic and anaphylotoxic complements are
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C3a, C5a
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436. successful opsonization of all non-encapsulated bacteria are by complement
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C3b
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437. Defect or deficiency of which complements predisposes individuals to infections caused by Neisseria spp., the causative agents of gonorrhea and meningitis
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C6-C9
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438. Antimicrobial (immune) response important for intracellular bacterial infections involves cell type
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Th1 CD4 T cells
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439. Immune response important for viral infections involves cell type
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CD8 cytolytic T cells
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440. Major antibody in secretions and plays a significant role in first-line defense at the mucosal level is
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IgA
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441. Main antibody in the initial “primary” immune response and allows good complement activation is
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IgM
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442. Fc region of this immunoglobulin binds to eosinophils, basophils and mast cells and is significant mediator of allergic (hypersensitivity) reactions
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IgE
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443. What on macrophages enables them to sense that the material is microbial in origin, and must therefore be eliminated quickly?
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Toll-like receptor
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444. These oxygen-dependent enzymes: NADPH oxidase, superoxide dismutase, and myeloperoxidase are involved in killing of what?
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Gram-positive bacteria
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445. These oxygen-independent enzymes/proteins: lysosome, lactoferrin, defensins and other cationic proteins are involved in killing of what?
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Gram-negative bacteria
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446. Infections persist, because mϕ activation is defective, leading to chronic stimulation of CD4+ T cells in what dz?
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Chronic granulomatous Dz
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447. Defective respiratory burst, predisposing chronic bacterial infection is associated with deficiency of what?
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Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)
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448. All nucleated cells express MHC I antigens
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HLA-A, B, C
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449. Antigen-presenting cells express MHC II antigens
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HLA-DP, DQ, DR
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450. Lymphocyte proliferation (T, B) and NK → cytotoxicity are undertaken by what cytokine?
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IL-2
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451. B-cell activation, IgE and IgG4 switch, ↓ TH1 cells/ Mφ, ↓ IFN-γ, TH0 → TH2 are all undertaken by what cytokine?
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IL-4
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452. Mφ activation; elevated expression of MHC and FcRs molecules on B cells, IgG2 class switching, increased IL-4 and TH2 are all undertaken by what cytokine?
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IFNγ
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453. The Th1 response, driven primarily by IFN-γ leads to the activation of
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macrophages
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454. The Th2 response, driven primarily by IL-4 and IL-5, leads to the production of IgE and IgG4 and to the activation of
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mast cells and eosinophils.
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455. Variable T and B cells in DiGeroge’s syndrome is associated with
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Thymic aplasia
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456. No B cells and immunoglobulins in X-linked agammaglobulinemia (Bruton’s) is associated with
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Loss of Btk tyrosine kinase
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457. Lack of anti-polysaccharide antibody and impaired T-cell activation causing Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is associated with
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X-linked-defective WASP gene
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458. Inability to control B cell growth in X-linked lympho-proliferative syndrome is associated with
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SH2D1A mutant
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459. Glomerulonephritis, pulmonary hemorrhage in Goodpasture’s syndrome is caused by what autoantigen?
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basement membrane collagen type IV
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460. Hyperthyroidism in Grave’s Dz is caused by what autoantigen?
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Thyroid-stimulating hormone
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461. Progressive muscle weakness in Myasthenia gravis is caused by what autoantigen?
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Acetyl choline receptor
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462. Brain degeneration, paralysis in Multiple sclerosis (MS) is caused by what autoantigen?
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Myelin basic protein, proteolipid protein
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463. Localized allergies (e.g., drug allergy, asthma, hay fever) and anaphylaxis (food, drug) w/ systemic inflammation throughout circulation are associated with reaction?
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Type I hypersensitivity
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464. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia: Ab’s produced vs RBC membrane Ag’s, mismatched blood (transfusion rxn), and allergies to antibiotics (e.g., penicillins, sulfa drugs) are associated with reaction?
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Type II hypersensitivity
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465. Grave’s Disease, Myasthenia Gravis, Goodpasture’s syndrome are all associated with reaction?
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Type II hypersensitivity
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466. Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, serum sickness to horse diphtheria anti-toxin, systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE), and rheumatoid arthritis are all associated with reaction?
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Type III hypersensitivity
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467. Poison ivy, erythematous induration in tuberculin skin test, and transplantation/graft rejection are all associated with reaction?
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Type IV hypersensitivity
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