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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the Family that Campylobacter belongs to. What other bacterial genus belong to this?
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Campylobacteriaceae
Arcobacter also. |
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Campylobacter:
1. Gram? 2. Shape? 3. Spore former? 4. T/pH 5. Motile? |
Gram negative
Spiral Non-sporulating T: 32-45 for growth dies at pH<5.0 Motile? YES. |
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Incidence rate of Campylobacter compared to other bacteria?
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Camp. is #1 (but not for outbreaks). Interestingly, it's seasonal too.
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List come characteristic of Camp.
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**Fastidious organism: requires O2<5%; CO2 >10% "microaerobic" conditions.
- Catalase positive - In general (unlike Salmonella), sensitive to pH, T - Capable of surviving freezing, refridgeration |
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What are the two main species of camp? How many species total are there?
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Two main player: jejuni and coli; there are 18.
Some others: fetus |
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Which species of camp causes the most outbreaks?
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jejuni
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What are the disease characteristics of camp?
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1. gastroenteritis (vs. salmonella is enterocolitis): fever, cramps, diarrhea. last 2-3 days
2. Complications of systemic nature: - Can cause abortion! - Guillain-Barre symdrome - acute paralytic disorder -meningitis -Bacteremia (blood poisoning by bacteria) |
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What is Guillain Barre Syndrome?
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A systemic complication of Camp. infection: ~.5 cases/100,000 - characterized by acute paralysis.
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What is the incubation time of a camp infection? Infectious dose?
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2 to 5 days (8 to 72 hours for Salmonellosis)
Dose: 500 CFU (approx) |
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By what mechanism does camp make people sick? (C. jejuni)
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It's an infection - it invades cells.
1. Attachment to host cell 2. Invasions 3. Induction of Apoptosis |
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Virulence factors of C. jejuni?
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- Flagella genes (flaA, flaB): motility
- Cholera-like enterotoxin - Cytolethal distending toxin |
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Ecology - where does Camp like to live?
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Camp are zoonotic organisms that colonize the GI tract of many animals (this is true of salmonella as well)
**ALSO found in WATER!! |
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What does "zoonotic" mean?
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Zoonotic refers to an organism that commonly colonizes the GI tract of animals
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What specific animal intestines/feces is Camp most often found in? (jejuni vs. coli?)
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Chicken --> jejuni
Swine --> coli Sheep Cattle |
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#1 Food most often implicated in Camp outbreaks?
What about with sporadic cases? |
#1: Milk and Dairy
Sporadic: Poultry #1 by far / a fair number of cases are also from contact w/ pets!! |
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What are the most common foods in which camp can be found?
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Poulty by far!!!
Also, raw pork, beef, and unpasteurized milk. |
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How is camp detected? (what are they steps)
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1. homogenization
2. Enrichment in microaerobic environment: 32-42ºC 3. Selective Plating - 42ºC in CCDA Preston or Campy-Cefex 4. Confirmatory steps (much simpler than Salmonella) |
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In differentiating between the strains of Camp, what can be used?
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--> jejuni can hydrolize Hippurate
--> fetus grows at 25 (jejuni at coli grow at 42 best) |
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How to control Camp in foods?
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1. Pasteurize/ heat treat
2. GMP, sanitation 3. prevent cross-contaminaton(sporadic cases) |
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Largest Camp outbreak - what food?
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Lettuce!! (c. jejuni)
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Is Camp resistant to Antibiotics?
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Oh, yes - it's been THE micro to study for this.
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What are the mechanisms by which a micro can be resistant to antimicrobial?
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1. Antibiotic degrading enzyme
2. " altering enzyme 3. " efflux pump 4. Spontaneous mutation of gene |
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If Camp develops a mutation such that it is resistant to antimicrob; is this a problem w/other bacteria?
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YES!!! Bacteria are promiscuous! Enterobacteriacea can swap DNA with enterococcus. A bacteria can be resistant to a antibiotic w/out ever have been exposed to it.
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What is the antibiotic that Camp is resistant to that is the biggest concern?
What is believe to be the reason why it is resistant? |
Fluoroquinolone - it's generally the "last resort".
Studies seem to show a link between antibiotic use in chickens to increasing cases of camp. jejuni resistant to fluoroquinolone. |
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What is the #1 thing to remember when thinking about Camp properties?
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That it's a fastidious organism: Microaerobic environment - <5% 02, >10% Co2 needed.
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