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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Pathogenicity?
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the ability to cause disease
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What is Virulence?
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The extent or degree of pathogenicity
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How many bacteria cause significant disease in humans
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100
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What are the six things that create the establishment of disease?
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1) Portal of Fentry (correct/portal/multiple portals)
2) Dose (sufficient number/virulence factors) 3) Adhere (adhesions) 4) Tissue penetration/invasion 5) Resist Host Defense 6) Toxins |
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What are the 4 Portals of Entry
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1) Mucous membrane (most prefered)
2) Skin (least traveled) 3) Parental route (break in skin into blood) 4) Oral-Gastrointestinal |
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Considering the Dose amount what does ID50 mean?
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Infectious dose for 50% of the test population
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Considering the Dose amount what does LD50 mean?
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Lethal dose for 50% of the test population
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Being exposed to low dose may lead to what?
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Immunity without experience of disease
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How does Adherence work?
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ligands on pathogens bind specifically to receptors on host cells
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Considering penetration/invasion how does the enzyme kinases work?
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Kinases dissolves blood clots
Ex streptokinase (streptococcus pyogenes) staphylokinase (Staphylococcus aureus) |
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Considering penetration/invasion how does the enzyme hyaluronidase work?
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Hyaluronidase is a spreading factor that dissolves tissue
Ex Clostridium perfringenes (gas gangrene) Streptococci |
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Considering penetration/invasion how does the enzyme collagenase work?
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Collagenase breaks down protein collagen
EX Clostridium perfringenese (gas gangrene) |
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How are Biofilms incorporated into resistance of host defenses?
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They evade antibodies (immune response) and antibiotics due to its thick community
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How is coagulase incorporated into resistance of host defenses?
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Its coagulates blood which makes it avoid bacteriocidal substances and antibodies
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How is IgA proteases incorporated into resistance of host defenses?
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They destroy IgA antibodies
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What is a Toxin?
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It is a substances that contributes to pathogenicity
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What is Toxigenicity?
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The Ability to produce a toxin
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What is Toxemia?
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Presence of toxin in the host's blood
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What is Toxoid?
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Inactivated toxin used ina vaccine
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What is a antitoxin?
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Antibodies against a specific toxin
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What is the source, metabolic product, chemistry, fever, neutralized by antitoxin, and LD50 of an Exotoxin?
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G+, by-products of growing cell, protein, yes, yes and small
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What is the source, metabolic product, chemistry, fever, neutralized by antitoxin, and LD50 of an Endotoxin?
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G-, Present in LPS of outermembrane, lipid, yes no, relatively large
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What are Type I Exotoxins?
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They are Superantigens
Cause an intense immune response due to release of cytokines from host cells Result in fever, nausea, diarrhea, shock, and death |
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What are Type II Exotoxins?
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They are Membrane-disrupting toxins
They Lyse host's cells by forming proteins channels in the plasma membrane and disrupting phospholipid bilayer |
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What are Type III Exotoxins
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They are A-B Toxins
They are made up of an Active part and a Binding Part. The Binding Part attacks and the Active part goes in and inhibits protein synthesis |
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How do Endotoxins cause Fever?
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1) A macrophase ingests a gram-negative bacterium
2) The bacterium is degreaded in a vaculose, releasing endotoxins that induce the macrophage to produce interleukin-1 (IL-1) 3) IL-1 is released by the macrophafe into the bloodstream through which it travels to the hypothalamus of the brain 4) IL-1 induces the hypothalamus to produce prostaglandins, which rest the body's "thermostat" to a higher emperature, producing fever |
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How do Endotoxins cause Shock?
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Macrophages can also release TNF-alpha (Tumor necrosis factor) which create inflammation leading to septic shock along with clotting, organ failure, and a circulatory collapse
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How does bacteria use the respiratory tract as a portal of exit?
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through coughing and sneezing
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How does bacteria use Gastrointestinal tract as a portal of exit?
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through feces and saliva
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How does bacteria use Genitourinary tract as a portal of exit?
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through urine and vaginal secretions
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How does bacteria use the skin as a portal of exit?
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through draining abscess, boils, and warts
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How does bacteria use blood as a portal of exit?
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through biting arthropods
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