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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Atoms, Electrons, Protons, and Neutrons
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-Atom-the smallest unit of matter that enters into chemical reactions
-Electrons- Negatively charges particles arranged inshells -Protons- Positively charged particles Neutrons- Uncharged particles |
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Define Atomic Number and Atomic Weight
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-Atomic Number- number of protons
-Atomic Weight- total number of protons and neutrons |
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Isotopes
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A chemical element with different numbers of neutrons
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Ionic Bonds
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Attractions between ions of opposite charge. One atom loses electrons, and another one gains electrons. CATIONS and ANIONS
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Covalent Bonds
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form when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
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Hydrogen Bonds
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Form when a H atoms covalently bonded to an O or N atom is attracted to another O or N atom
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Chemical Reactions
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involve the making or breaking of bonds between atoms
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Endergonic and Exergonic Rxns
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Endergonic- rxn absorbs energy (requires)
Exergonic- rxn releases energy (releases) |
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Synthesis and Anabolism
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Synthesis- occur when atoms, ions, or molecules combine to form new, larger molecules
-Anabolism- the synthesis of molecules in a cell |
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Decomposition and Catabolism
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Decomposition- occur when a molecule is split into smaller molecules, ions, or atoms
-Catabolism- is the decomposition reactions in a cell |
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Exchange Reactions
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Are part synthesis and part decomposition
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Reversible Reactions
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Can readily go in either direction
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properties of water
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most abundant molecule in cells, polar, excellent solvent, reactant in many rxns. H bonds ABSORB HEAT. Water is a temperature buffer
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Acids, Bases, Salts and their pH levels
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-Acids- HCl- pH 0-6
-Bases- NaOH- pH 8-14 -Salts- NaCl |
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pH equation and buffers
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pH= -log[H+]
Buffers keep the pH from changing drastically |
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Functional Groups
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responsible for most of the chemical properties of a particular organic compound
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