Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
what is adaptive resistance
|
-Resistance occurs after some bacteria are exposed to sub-MIC concentrations
− May induce efflux pumps or mutations − May select out a resistant population |
|
|
bacteriostatic vs bacteriocidal
|
Bacteriostatic: Antibiotic INHIBITS the growth of the microorganism. The bacteria can grow again
when the antibiotic is stopped. Relies on patient’s immune system: Bactericidal: Antibiotic actually KILLS the microorganism(s) |
|
|
bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal not good to use in immunocompromised or immunocompetent pts
|
immunocompetent
|
|
|
def mic
|
MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration)
-Lowest antibiotic concentration that prevents visible growth of an organism |
|
|
def mbc
|
MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration)
-Minimum concentration (μg/mL) needed to KILL the bacteria |
|
|
mic vx mbc, which is usually higher?
Must not choose antibiotic solely based on MIC & MBC |
mbc, is usually higher than mic
|
|
|
t/f
Must not choose antibiotic solely based on MIC & MBC |
true
|
|
|
mic breakpt assumptions (2)
|
-Drug concentrations that pathogens will be exposed to at the infection site are always equal to those achieved in the blood
-All areas in the body will have equilibrium-based exposure |
|
|
t/f mic breakpts never change
|
false, they change over time
|
|
|
explain why s a misconception that drugs with a lower MIC are more effective or that they kill
more efficiently or more quickly than drugs with a higher MIC |
-lower mic is not better, have to 2 consider other factors, better to have a higher ratio than choosing the drug with the lower mic
|
|
|
concentration dependent abx focus on
|
-peak/mic ratio
-auic |
|
|
concentration independent abx focus on
|
t> mic
|
|
|
mic testing caveats that may explain a discordance between in vitro testing and in vivo results
|
- mic do not represent equivalent activity against all bacteria present
- resistance may not be detected using the inocula tested in vitro - different testing methods may result in different mic reporting - in vivo conditions at infection site |
|
|
Do in vitro conditions simulate in vivo conditions?
|
no, bc host factors also interact and are not present w/in the invitro tests
|
|
|
def mpc
|
MPC (Mutant Prevention Concentration)
- Antibacterial concentration that inhibits the growth of the least-susceptible -MIC of the least susceptible organism -Primarily studied in FQ -In vitro analyses (not validated clinically) -Research is still needed to establish a correlation between the MPC and PD effects |
