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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are 4 targets of antimicrobial agents?
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Cell wall, cell membrane, proteins, nucleic acids.
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What are 2 physical ways of controlling microbial growth?
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Heat and radiation.
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What are 2 chemical ways of controlling microbial growth?
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Gases and liquids.
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What is one way of mechanical removal of microbial agents?
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Filtration
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What is one way of biological removal of microbial agents?
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Chemotherapy
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What types of microorganisms are hard to kill?
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Pirons, bacterial endospores
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What types of microorganisms are moderately hard to kill?
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Some viruses, some bacteria, protozoan cysts.
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What types of microorganisms are easy to kill?
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Bacterial vegetative cells, fungal spores, yeasts, enveloped viruses, protozoans.
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What is sterilization?
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The complete removal or destruction of all viable microorganisms, only on inanimate objects.
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What is disinfection?
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Destruction of vegetative pathogens, only on inanimate objects.
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What does antisepsis do?
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Destroys or inhibits vegetative pathogens.
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What is decontamination?
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Mechanical removal of microbes.
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What does bactericidal mean?
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Leads to the death of the bacteria.
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What does bacteristatic mean?
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Stops the growth of the bacteria.
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What are the two types of heat cleaning?
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Moist heat and dry heat.
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What is thermal death time?
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Shortest time required to kill all test microbes.
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What is thermal death point?
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Lowest temp to kill all test microbes in 10 minutes.
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Describe pressurized steam as a antimicrobial agent.
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Increased pressure allows steam to be heated past 100 C, must be able to penetrate items, prevents solutions from boiling. Ex: Autoclave
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Describe pasteurization.
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Disinfection rather than sterilization, usually applied to beverages cause high temps would destroy flavor. High temperature applied for a short amount of time.
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Describe boiling.
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Boiling solution for 30 minutes, achieves disinfection,
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Describe incineration.
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Extremely effective sterilization, burns the object to ashes.
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Describe high temperature baking.
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150-190 C for 2-4 hours, objects must be able to withstand the heat.
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What does exposing bacteria to extremely low temperature do?
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Slows the bacteria from growing. May kill a few species of bacteria.
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What is desiccation?
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Drying the bacteria out, mainly acts to slow down growth of the bacteria. May preserve or kill a few species.
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Describe ionizing radiation.
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Ejects electrons from atoms creating ions, targets DNA and proteins, causes breaks in the DNA backbone.
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Describe nonionizing radiation.
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Excites atoms, but does not produce ions. Targets DNA creating abnormal bonds
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Describe filtration.
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Used mainly for liquids. A liquid is passed through a membrane with small pores, which only allow water through. Can even remove viruses.
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Can filters also be used on the air?
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Yes, they are used in hospitals and for the decontamination of buildings.
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What are the three levels of effectiveness for chemical control?
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High, Intermediate, low.
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What does a high level of chemical effectiveness kill off?
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Endospores, sterilizes. Used for medical implants and devices.
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What does an intermediately effective chemical kill off?
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Fungal spores, viruses, resistant pathogens. Used on stuff that comes in contact with mucus membranes.
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What does a low effective chemical kill off?
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Vegetative bacteria and fungi
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What are the two factors affective the effectiveness of chemical agents?
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Concentration and exposure time.
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How does chlorine kill bacteria?
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Destroys proteins, causing the inactivation of enzymes.
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