Mhr-Slu-Test 2

Front 1

Endoparasites

Back 1

Parasites which live inside the body

- Protozoa-single celled
- Metazoa - multicelles
- Cestodes - segmented worms
- Trematodes - flat worms
- Nematodes - flat worms

Front 2

Ectoparasites

Back 2

Parasites which live outside of your body
- Hexapoda: Lice, 6 legged, "crabs"
- Arachnida: Mites, 8 legged, "scabies" - numerous disease vectors

Front 3

Metazoa

Back 3

multicellular endoparasites consisting of Cestodes, Trematodes, and Nematodes

Front 4

Cestodes

Back 4

multicellular endoparasites which are segmented worms.

Front 5

Trematodes

Back 5

multicellular endoparasites which are flat worms

Front 6

Nematodes

Back 6

multicellular endoparasites which are round worms

Front 7

Protozoa

Back 7

unicellular endoparasites

Front 8

Crabs

Back 8

6 legged Hexapoda which are ectoparasites.

Front 9

Scabies

Back 9

8 legged arachnida which are ectoparasites.

They carry many disease vectors.

Front 10

What are the 6 General Features of Parasitic Infections?

Back 10

Major World Problems
Complex Life Cycles
Co-evolution with hosts
Chronic Infections
Immunopathology
No effective Vaccines

Front 11

what are 5 major mechanisms of adaptability in parasites?

Back 11

Drastic Life Stage changes
Antigenic Variation
Immunosuppression
Immunological camoflage
Drug Resistance

Front 12

What parasites are spread from Human to Human via Fecal-Oral transmission?

Back 12

CAGSAT

Cryptosporidiosis
Amebiasis
Giardias
Strongyloidiases - mostly fecal cutaneous
Ascariasis - out of body time
Trichuris infection - out of body time

Front 13

What parasites are spread from animal to human via Fecal-Oral contact?

Back 13

VECT

Visceral LArva Migrans
Echinococcosis
Cryptosporidiosis
Toxoplasmosis

Front 14

What parasites may be spread via Fecal Cutaneous contact between humans?

Back 14

SH

Strongyloidiasis
Hookworm infection

Front 15

What parasites may be spread via fecal cutaneous contact between animals and humans?

Back 15

LT

Trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness, chagas disease)

Leishmaniasis

Front 16

What parasites may be spread via vectors from Human to Human. (think mosquitos)

Back 16

MOLL

Malaria
Onchocerciasis
Leishmaniasis
Lymphatic Filariasis

Front 17

What parasites are spread via Inadequate cooking from Animal to Human?

Back 17

Beef Tapeworm (taenia saginata)
Pork Tapeworm (taenia solium)
Fish Tapeworm (diphyllobothrium latum)
Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)

Front 18

How are Intracellular parasites controlled by the immune response?

Back 18

Type I immunity
-CD4+ T cells inhibit endosomal replication
-CD8+ T cells target cytosolic replication

Front 19

How are extracellular parasites controlled by the immune response?

Back 19

Type II immunity
-antibodies initiate complement/ ADCC mechanisms
-Mast Cells and Eosinophils release Toxic Granules.

Front 20

What parasites commonly infect blood and tissues?

Back 20

Plasmodium - Sporozoans; malaria
Babesia - sporozoans; babesiosis
Leishmania - flagellates; chronic ulcers
Trypanosoma - flagellates; african and American
Toxoplasma gondii - Sporozoan, OIs

Front 21

What parasites commonly infest the intestines?

Back 21

Entamoeba histolytica - ameba, dysentery, liver abscess
Giardia lamblia - flagellate, chronic diarhea
Crytosporidium parvum - sporozoan, OI/diarrhea

Front 22

What parasites commonly infect the urogenital region?

Back 22

Trichomonas Vaginalis (Flagellate; STD)

Front 23

What is plasmodia most associated with?

Back 23

Malaria

Front 24

What is important with Plasmodium falciparum when compared to other species such as P. vivax?

Back 24

It is more infective and therefore more lethal. It targets the whole blood system. Other species target particular tissue locales. It also develops drug resistance quicker.

You do not have relapse issues.

Front 25

What is more dangerous about P. vivax than P. Falciparum?

Back 25

P.Vivax can relapse as late at 40 years. P falciparum does not relapse as such.

Front 26

How can P. falciparum be differentiated from P. Vivax?

Back 26

banan shaped gametocytes and early ring form trophozoites.

Front 27

List 5 major differences between P. Falciparum and P. Vivex

Back 27

1.) P.f. infects all peripheral RBCs
2.) P.f is associated with Drug Resistance
3.) P.f. infected RBCs microagglutinate
4.) P.f. smear with ring trophs/gametocytes only
5.) P. Vivex persists in exoerythrocytic stage (relapse risk)

Front 28

What is the Vaccine Challenges for Malaria (5)

Back 28

1.)Distinct life stage antigens (change with growth)

2.) Antigenic variation between strains

3.) REplicates in RBCs with no Class I or Class II MHC

4.) Th1/CTL attack can only hit the liver cells (not the RBCs)

5.) Polyclonal gammopathy dilutes Ag-specific Ab. Way too many types of antibodies.

Front 29

Babesia

Back 29

Life Cycle/mode of transmission: Tick borne

Front 30

If a patient comes in witha lesion, where should you biopsy?

Back 30

On the outter rim, where live tissue remains. The center of the lesion is typically empty.

Front 31

Trophozoite

Back 31

The mobile form of protozoa

Front 32

What are 5 bacteria that cause Diarhea?

Back 32

Entamoeba Histolytica = bloody
Giardia lamblia = non-bloody
Cyclosporia = non-bloody
Crytosporidium = severe in immunosupression
Isospera belli = severe in immunosupression

Front 33

What is pruritus?

Back 33

Itching

Front 34

List the 4 protozoa that cause malaria.

Back 34

Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium ovale
Plasmodium malariae

Front 35

Tertian malaria

Back 35

malaria symptom outbreaks every 48 hours.

caused by P. Vivax and P. Ovale

Front 36

Quartan malaria

Back 36

malaria symptom outbreaks every 72 hours.

caused by Plasmodium malarie

Front 37

How often are P. Falciparum malaria symptom outbreaks?

Back 37

every 36-48 hours. sometimes the fevers and chills are continuous and less pronounced.