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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the genome and physical characteristics of rotaviruses
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Segmented ds-RNA
Non-enveloped Replication in cytoplasm Fairly protective capsid (hours-days in environment) |
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What is one of the significant aspects of the segmented genome in rotaviruses
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Segmented genome = possibility for recombination in cell infected with two viruses
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What is necessary to have happen before a rotavirus can attach to and enter small bowel epithelia
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Proteases in digestive system must remove protective viral proteins ("activating" virion)
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What is the mode of transmission for rotaviruses
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Fecal-oral, can also have fecally contaminated surfaces transmission
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Describe the pathogenesis of rotaviruses
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Fecal-oral -> ingestion
Virus resists stomach acid Virions enter small bowel epithelia Virus lyses infected host cells = loss of absorptive surface = water loss, diarrhea |
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What is the treatment for a rotavirus infection
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Supportive care
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Is there a vaccine for rotaviruses
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Yes, since 2006, oral live attenuated
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Rabies is caused by what
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Rhabdoviruses
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What are the genomic and physical characteristics of rhabdoviruses
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Enveloped bullet-shaped virus
SS - RNA (not genomic, must first be transcribed to + RNA for translation of viral proteins) |
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What mediates rhabdovirus attachment/entry to neurons, what is the significance of this to us
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Glycoprotein G (via Ach receptor)
Neutralizing Abs to G protein are protective |
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How is rabies (rhabdovirus) transmitted
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Transmitted in saliva from an animal (Bats, skunks, raccons, possibly dogs, rarely human-human) through bite or lick
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Describe (briefly) the pathogenesis of rabies
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Infected saliva enters open wound
Virus enters (usually) sensory neuron via G-protein Ach receptor binding Virus replicates in neuronal cytoplasm and travels to CNS Spreads to other neurons, eventually to secretory areas (tongue, eyes, etc.) |
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What is a classic symptom of a rabies infection (other than altered mental status)
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Hydrophobia (due to dysfunction of salivary and swallowing nerves)
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How are rabies deaths preventable
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Early vaccination after bite exposure
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Classic pathology in the brain during a rabies infection is
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Negri bodies in neuronal cytoplasm
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What are some examples of filoviruses
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Marburg and Ebola
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Describe some general characteristics of filoviruses
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Unique filament shaped enveloped viruses
Can cause hemorrhagic fevers in humans and primates Unkown natural reservoir in tropical Africa |
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What do filoviruses cause
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Hemorrhagic fevers with bleeding into skin, eyes, GI tract, lungs
50-90% mortality |
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What is the mode of transmission for filoviruses
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Transmission from wild source to human through consumption of infected monkey or monkey bites (rare)
Human-human via blood/body fluid contact |
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Bunyaviruses might more commonly be known as
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Hantaan viruses (hantavirus)
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Describe the genome of bunyaviruses
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Segmented RNA genome
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What is the mode of transmission for bunyaviruses
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Transmission to humans by inhaling aerosolized rodent urine/feces/saliva
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An infection with a hantaan virus causes what
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Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HSP)
Pneumonia with fluid and pus filling lungs |
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Describe arenaviruses
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Enveloped segmented RNA genome
Rodents are reservoir In US can cause lymphocytic choriomeningitis (Lassa virus out of US) |
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Describe lymphocytic choriomeningitis caused by an arenavirus
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Fever followed by meningitis (usually in healthy young adults)
Infection in pregnancy associated with fetal malformations/miscarriage |
