Mhd Vascular Pathology

Front 1

What are the risk factors for atherosclerosis?

Back 1

age, sex, genetics, DM, HTN, hyperlipidemia, elevated homocystemia, smoking,

Front 2

What muscular vessels are affected by atherosclerosis?

Back 2

aorta, carotid, popliteal, iliac

Front 3

What medium vessels are affected by atherosclerosis?

Back 3

c. fo willis, coronary, where renal and mesenteric branch off

Front 4

What infections are associated with atherosclerosis?

Back 4

chlmydia pneumonia, cytomegalovirus

Front 5

What are the components of a atheroma?

Back 5

fibrous cap, surrounding cells, necrotic core

Front 6

What is found in the fibrous cap?

Back 6

smc, MGs, foam, dense CT

Front 7

What is found in the cells around the fibrous cap?

Back 7

MGs, SMC, t-cells

Front 8

What is found in the necrotic core?

Back 8

lipids, cholestrol, foam cells, debris, fibrin

Front 9

What can happen to advanced atherosclerotic plaques?

Back 9

rupture, hemorrhage, thrombosis, emboli, aneurysm, calcifcation-lumenal occlusion

Front 10

What are complications of atherosclerosis?

Back 10

Cardiac and cerebral ischemia, Peripheral vascular dx, aneurysm

Front 11

What is monckeberg's medial calcific sclerosis

Back 11

calcific deposits in media of medium vessels, it is non obstructive

Front 12

What are the two types of ateriosclerosis from HTN?

Back 12

hyaline and hyperplastic

Front 13

What is characteristic of hyaline arteriosclerosis?

Back 13

pink--lumen filling

Front 14

Which vessels does HTN-induced arteriosclerosis affect?

Back 14

small arteries and arterioles

Front 15

What are the causes of hyaline arteriosclerosis?

Back 15

DM, HTN, age

Front 16

What does hyperplastic arteriosclerosis look like?

Back 16

an onion--lumen narrowing

Front 17

What causes hyperplastic arteriosclerosis?

Back 17

diastolic P >120

Front 18

What are the causes of aneurysms?

Back 18

atherosclerosis, cystic medial degeneration, congenital, infection, trauma, vasculitis

Front 19

What causes AAA?

Back 19

atherosclerosis maybe genetics

Front 20

Where are AAA usually found?

Back 20

between renal arteries and bifurcation

Front 21

What can happen to an aneurysm?

Back 21

rupture, cause compression, obstruction, or embolism

Front 22

What shapes can an aneurysm be?

Back 22

saccular or fusiform

Front 23

Where do syphilitic aneurysms occur?

Back 23

thoracic aorta or arch

Front 24

What kind of bug is sphilis?

Back 24

a spirochete, gram neg

Front 25

When do syphilitic aneurysms happen?

Back 25

during 3rd stage of the dx

Front 26

What is obliterative endarteritis?

Back 26

there is hyperplastic thickening, there is medial ischemia, loss of elastic recoil

Front 27

What can sphilitic aneurysm cause?

Back 27

cardiomegaly, aortic regurg, rupture, heart failure, compression of surrounding structure

Front 28

What is a Type A aortic dissection?

Back 28

involves the ascending maybe in combo with descending aorta

Front 29

What is Type B aortic dissection?

Back 29

only the descending aorta

Front 30

What can cause aortic dissection?

Back 30

HTN or Marfan's syndrome

Front 31

What does an aortic dissection feel like?

Back 31

a ripping chest pain into the back

Front 32

How do you treat aortic dissection?

Back 32

aggressive BP control and surgical interventions

Front 33

What are varicose veins?

Back 33

abnormally dilated, tortuous veins

Front 34

What causes varicose veins?

Back 34

inc intraluminal p and loss of vessel wall support

Front 35

How do varicose veins lead to venous stasis?

Back 35

the valves are incompetent

Front 36

What are the two other sites of varicosities?

Back 36

esophagus and rectum

Front 37

What can varicose veins evole into?

Back 37

venous stasis, edema, stasis dermatitis, ulcerations

Front 38

What are the risk factors for thrombophlebitis and thrombosis?

Back 38

cardiac failure, pregnancy, cancer, obesity, post-op, hypercoag state

Front 39

What is plegmasia alba dolens?

Back 39

iliofemoral venous thrombosis occurring in pregnant women prior to or following delivery

Front 40

What are the symptoms of vasculitis?

Back 40

fever, malaise, arthralgia, myalgias

Front 41

What causes vasculitis?

Back 41

infection or immune

Front 42

What is ANCA?

Back 42

antineutophilic cytoplasmic antibodies

Front 43

What is c-ANCA?

Back 43

antibody against proteinase 3 with cytoplasmic localization

Front 44

What antibody is against proteinase 3?

Back 44

c-ANCA

Front 45

What antibody is against myeloperoxidase?

Back 45

p-ANCA

Front 46

What is p-ANCA?

Back 46

antibody against myeloperoxidase with perinuclear localization

Front 47

Name a large vessel vasculitis?

Back 47

gaint cell (temporal) arteritis

Front 48

Which vessels does giant cell arteritis effect?

Back 48

aorta, opthalmic, temporal, and vertebral

Front 49

What kind of inflammation is associated with giant cell arteritis?

Back 49

granulomatous with giant cells

Front 50

What is the treatment for gaint cell arteritis?

Back 50

corticosteroids

Front 51

What are the sign and symptoms of giant cell arteritis?

Back 51

blindness diplopia, joint pain, facial pain

Front 52

What areas are effected by polyarteritis nodosa?

Back 52

renal and visceral sparing pulmonary

Front 53

What kind of inflammation is associated with polyarteritis nodosa?

Back 53

necrotizing inflammation

Front 54

What can PAN cause?

Back 54

aneurysm and infarction

Front 55

Who is affected by PAN?

Back 55

young adults

Front 56

What are the signs and symptoms of PAN?

Back 56

malaise, fever, wt loss, renal filure, abd pain, skin rash, HTN

Front 57

Which vasculitis is associated with Hep B antigen?

Back 57

NAD

Front 58

What is the treatment for PAN?

Back 58

immunosuppression

Front 59

What areas does Wegener Granulomatosis affect?

Back 59

ENT, Lungs, Kidney (ELK)

Front 60

What goes Wegener granulomatosis?

Back 60

some exposure to something

Front 61

What pathological triad is associated with wegener granulomatosis?

Back 61

necrotizing granulomas, vasculitis, glomerulonephritis

Front 62

What are the signs and symptoms of wegeners granulomatosis?

Back 62

sinusitis, otitis, perforation nasal septum, nasopharyngeal erosions, lung infilitrates, hemoptysis, hematuria, renal failure

Front 63

How do you treat Wegeners Granulomatosis?

Back 63

immunosuppression

Front 64

What does Kawasaki syndrome effect?

Back 64

medium vessels---coronaries

Front 65

What is the pathology of kawasakis?

Back 65

inflammation with necrosis leading to aneurysm

Front 66

Who does kawasaki effect?

Back 66

under 5

Front 67

What are the signs of kawasaki?

Back 67

fever, conjunctival/oral mucosa erythema, red palms and soles, desquamating skin rash, cervical lymph nodes enlargement

Front 68

How is kawasaki treated?

Back 68

ASA and IV Ig

Front 69

What is cardia sequelae?

Back 69

coronary artery aneurysms, rupturing, MI, death