Mhd Bacterial Cell Structure/function

Front 1

Major bacteria cell organization categories (3)

Back 1

exterior organelles

envelope

cell interior

Front 2

The major exterior organelles of a bacteria (3)

Back 2

1. capsule
2. flagella
3. pili

Front 3

Capsule- define

-major molecular component

-function

Back 3

Thick outer layer on bacteria

-polysaccharide

-Usually only produced by viulent strains of bacteria, or under certain conductions

Front 4

Capsule:
-major function
-how?

Back 4

Potent determinant of virulence
-protects against host defense
-helps attach to host tissues
-toxic to the host

Front 5

Biofilm-define

Back 5

A capsule that can encase any bacteria in a given group, and form a community.
example-dental plagque

Front 6

Flagella:
-major purpose
-downfall
-describe structure

Back 6

-motility, which can infer pathogenesis/be a virulent factor

- they are extremely strong antigens (target of immune system).

-Helical propeller that spins=swim

Front 7

Pili-define

-found in what type of bacteria?
-major function?

Back 7

-long, thin filament like projections covering bacteria's suface

-ONLY IN SOME GRAM NEGATIVE.

-Can confer virulence by promoting attachment to host. This occurs by specialized tips on the edge of pili that can penetrate the host cell pores/holes.

Front 8

Two types of bacterial envelopes.

-distinguished how?

Back 8

Gram - and Gram +

-determined by gram stain test

Front 9

Components of the bacterial envelope

Back 9

-inner membrane

-cell wall

-outer membrane (only gram -)

Front 10

Another name for bacterial cell wall?

Back 10

peptidoglycan

Front 11

Describe molecular composition of the inner membrane of the bacterial envelope?

Back 11

Lipid bilayer made of:

-phospholipids
-proteins

Front 12

Purpose of the inner membrane of the bacterial envelope?

Back 12

-selectively transport molecules in and out

-site of many biochemical reactions

Front 13

Bacterial cell wall molecular composition?

Back 13

-sugar chains with attached short peptides.

-chains are cross linked by peptide bonds.

-STRONG MESHWORK.

Front 14

Antibiotic effect on peptidoglycan?

-consequence to host of peptidoglycan?

Back 14

-can disrupt cell wall biosynthesis= LYSIS

-peptidoglycan of some bacteria is TOXIC

Front 15

Describe the Peptidoglycan of :Gram + bacteria

Back 15

Thick

muli-layered

-additional molecules (teichoic and lipoteichoic acids)

-additional molecules are antigenic

Front 16

Peptidoglycan of Gram - bacteria

Back 16

Thin
one or small number of layers

Front 17

Describe outer membrane:
-what bacteria type?

-molecular composition

-function?

Back 17

Gram - bacteria

-bilipid layer, outer layer of which has lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

-strong barrier to most molecules that would enter the cell. Porins allow passive entry/exit of small molecules

Front 18

3 major components of the LPS (lipopolysaccharide)

-which of the layers is toxic?

-which of the layers is antigenic?

Back 18

1. lipid portion (lipid A)

2. polysaccharide portion (core)

3. O antigen polysaccharide side chain.

LIPID A IS HIGHLY TOXIC (ENDOTOXIC SHOCK RESULTS)

O ANTIGEN IS ANTIGENIC COMPONENT OF SURFACE

Front 19

Interior of bacterial cell contains what (3-4 things)

Back 19

-cytosol containing

-ribosomes

-nucleioid

-sometimes plasmids

Front 20

Ribosomes- describe

-function

-downfall?

Back 20

dark granules

protein synthesis factory (from aa's using mRNA template)

are targeted by antibiotics

Front 21

Nucleoid-describe

-different from eukaryotes how?

Back 21

bacterial chromosome

-not enclosed in membrane (vs eukaryotes)

Front 22

Plasmid-define

contains what?

beneficial to bacteria why?

Back 22

-additional genetic information coded on small circular autonomous chromosome

-contain determinants of virulence (antibiotic resistanc, and pilus molecules)

-can be transmitted between cells, more when antibiotics are overused, and cause resistance

Front 23

2 nonstandard bacterial cell types

Back 23

spores

mycoplasm

Front 24

spores- define

-when formed?

-pro to bacteria?

Back 24

dormant cell type in come bacteria

-form in response to stress (permanently or transiently)

-very resistant, disinfection is difficult, and they disperse easily

Front 25

Mycoplasm- describe

Back 25

only inner membrane w/ special composition

NO PEPTIDOGLYCAN (many shapes reuslt)

Front 26

mycoplasm versus mycobacterium?
-both are what type of bacteria?

Back 26

THEY ARE COMPLETELY DISTINCT

-BOTH gram +

Front 27

Pili confer virulence by:

Back 27

promoting attachment to host cell surfaces

Front 28

Toxic shock can result from:

Back 28

-The Lipid A component of LPS