Mgt 706 - Organizational Behavior

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Organization

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A collection of people who work together and coordinate their actions to achieve individual and organizational goals

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Organizational behavior

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The study of factors that affect how individuals and groups act in organizations and how organizations respond to their environments

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Group

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Tow or more people who interact to achieve their goals

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Team

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A group in which members work together intensively and develop team-specific routines to achieve a common group goal

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Virtual team

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A group whose members work together intensively via electronic means; and who may never actually meet

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Managers

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Persons who supervise the activities of one or more employees

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Top-management teams

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High-ranking executives who plan a company’s strategy so that the company can achieve its goals

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Organizational effectiveness

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The ability of an organization to achieve its goals

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Management

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The process of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling an organization’s human, financial, material, and other resources to increase its effectiveness

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Planning

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Deciding how best to allocate and use resources to achieve organizational goals

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Organizing

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Establishing a structure of relationships that dictates how members of an organization work together to achieve organizational goals

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Leading

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Encouraging and coordinating individuals and groups so that all organizational members are working to achieve organizational goals

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Self-managed teams

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Groups of employees who are given the authority and responsibility to manage many different aspects of their own organizational behavior

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Controlling

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Monitoring and evaluating individual, group, and organizational performance to see whether organizational goals are being achieved

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Role

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A set of behaviors or tasks a person is expected to perform because of the position he or she holds in a group or organization

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Skill

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An ability to act in a way that allows a person to perform well in his or her role

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Conceptual skills

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The ability to analyze and diagnose a situation and to distinguish between cause and effect

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Human skills

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The ability to understand, work with, lead, and control the behavior of other people and groups

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Technical skills

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Job-specific knowledge and techniques

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Open systems

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Organizations that take in resources from their external environments and convert or transform them into goods and services that are sent back to their environments where customers buy them

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Organizational procedure

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A rule or routine an employee follows to perform some task in the most effective way

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National culture

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The set of values or beliefs that a society considers important and the norms of behavior that are approved or sanctioned in that society

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Ethics

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The values, beliefs, and moral rules that its managers and employees should use to analyze or interpret a situation and then decide what is the "right" or appropriate way to behave

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Ethical dilemma

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The quandary managers experience when they have to decide if they should act in a way that might benefit other people or groups, and is the "right" thing to do, even though doing so might go against their own and their organization’s interests

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Well-being

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The condition of being happy, healthy, and prosperous

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Social responsibility

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An organization’s obligations toward people or groups that are directly affected by its actions

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Diversity

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Individual differences resulting from age, gender, race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, and socioeconomic background

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Global organizations

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Companies that produce or sell their products in countries and regions throughout the world

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Global learning

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The process of acquiring and learning the skills, knowledge, and organizational behaviors and procedures that have helped companies abroad become major global competitors

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Expatriate managers

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The people who work for a company overseas and are responsible for developing relationships with organizations in countries around the globe

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World Wide Web

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A global store of information that contains the products of most kinds of human knowledge such as writing, music, and art

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Internet

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The global network of interlinked computers

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Information

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A set of data, facts, numbers, and words that has been organized in such a way that it provides its users with knowledge

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Knowledge

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What a person perceives, recognizes, identifies, or discovers from analyzing data and information

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Information technology

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The many different kinds of computer and communications hardware and software, and the skills of their designers, programmers, managers, and technicians

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Organizational learning

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The process of managing information and knowledge to achieve a better fit between the organization and its environment

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Intranets

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A network of information technology linkages inside an organization that connects all its members

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Downsizing

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The process by which organizations lay off managers and workers to reduce costs

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Empowerment

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The process of giving employees throughout an organization the authority to make important decisions and to be responsible for their outcomes

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Contingent workers

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People employed for temporary periods by an organization and who receive no benefits such as health insurance or pensions

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Outsourcing

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The process of employing people, groups, or a specialist organization to perform a specific type of work activity or function that was previously performed inside an organization

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Freelancers

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People who contract with an organization to perform specific services

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Individual differences

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The ways in which people differ from each other

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Personality

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The pattern of relatively enduring ways that a person feels, thinks, and behaves

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Nature

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Biological heritage, genetic makeup

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Nurture

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Life experiences

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Attraction-selection-attraction (ASA) framework

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The idea that an organization attracts and selects individuals with similar personalities and loses individuals with other types of personalities

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Trait

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A specific component of personality

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Extraversion

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The tendency to experience positive emotional states and feel good about oneself and the world around one; also called positive affectivity

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Neuroticism

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The tendency to experience negative emotional states and view oneself and the world around one negatively; also called negative affectivity

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Agreeableness

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The tendency to get along well with others

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Conscientiousness

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The extent to which a person is careful, scrupulous, and persevering