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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Organizational behavior
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Field dedicated to better understanding and management of people at work
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Values
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Abstract ideals that guide one’s thinking and behavior across all situation
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Attitude
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A learned predisposition toward a given object
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Affective component of an attitude
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This consists of the feelings or emotions one has about a situation
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Cognitive component of an attitude
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This consists of the beliefs and knowledge one has about a situation
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Behavioral component of an attitude OR Intentional component
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This refers to how one intends or expects to behave toward a situation
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Affective (your feelings)
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“I hate being given the run-around” is an indication of what component of attitude?
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Cognitive component (your perceptions)
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“That company doesn’t know how to take care of customers” is an indication of what component of attitude?
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Behavioral component (your intentions)
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“I’ll never call them again” is an indication of what component of attitude?
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Reduce cognitive dissonance
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If I am trying top change my attitude and/or behavior, trying to belittle the importance of the inconsistent behavior
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Job satisfaction
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The extent to which you feel positively or negatively about various aspects of your work
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Cognitive dissonance
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The psychological discomfort a person experiences between his or her cognitive attitude and incompatible behavior
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Behavior
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People’s actions and judgments in the workplace
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Importance, control and rewards
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How people deal with the discomfort of cognitive dissonance depends on three factors?
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Leon Festinger
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In 1957 this social psychologist proposed the term cognitive dissonance
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Absenteeism
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When an employee doesn’t show up for work
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Turnover
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When employees leave their jobs
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Personality
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The stable psychological traits and behavioral attributes that give a person his or her identity
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Job involvement
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The extent to which you identify or are personally involved with your jobs
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Organizational commitment
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Reflects the extent to which an employee identifies with an organization and is committed to its goals
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Big five personality dimensions
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Extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability and openness to experience are collectively referred to as what?
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Extroversion
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How outgoing, talkative, sociable, and assertive a person is
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Agreeableness
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How trusting, good-natured, cooperative and soft-hearted one is
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Conscientiousness
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How dependable, responsible, achievement-oriented, and persistent one is
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Emotional stability
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How relaxed, secure and unworried one is
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Self-efficacy
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Belief in one’s personal ability to do a task
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Extroversion
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What is known as the ‘outgoing’ personality
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Locus of control
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This indicates how much people believe they control their fate through their own efforts
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Conscientiousness
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What is known as the ‘dependable’ personality
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Openness to experience
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How intellectual, imaginative, curious and broadminded one is.
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Internals (…locus of control)
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These types of people exhibit less anxiety, greater work motivation and stronger expectations that effort leads to performance.. and tend to have higher salaries
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Self-esteem
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The extent to which people like or dislike themselves
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Learned helplessness
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The debilitating lack of faith in one’s ability to control one’s environment
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Organization-based self-esteem (OBSE)
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The self-perceived value that individuals have of themselves as organization members acting within an organizational context
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Organization-based self-esteem (OBSE)
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Those scoring high on this tend to view themselves as important, worthwhile, effectual and meaningful with their organization
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Self-monitoring
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The extent to which people are able to observe their own behavior and adapt it to external situations
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Perception
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The process of interpreting and understanding one’s environment
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Four
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The perceptual process has how many steps?
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Selective attention
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What is the first step in the perceptual process?
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Organization-based self-esteem (OBSE)
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This tends to increase when employees believe their supervisors have a genuine concern for employee’s welfare
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Stereotyping
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The tendency to attribute to an individual the characteristics one believes are typical of the group to which that individual belongs
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Selective perception
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The tendency to filter out information that is discomforting, that seems irrelevant, or that contradicts one’s beliefs
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Interpretation and evaluation
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What is the second step in the perceptual process?
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Storing in memory
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What is the third step in the perceptual process?
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Retrieving from memory to make judgments and decisions
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What is the fourth step in the perceptual process?
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Sex-role stereotypes
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The belief that differing traits and abilities make males and females particularly well suited to different roles
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Halo effect
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When we form an impression of an individual based on a single positive trait
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Race stereotypes
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Beliefs that tend to depict individuals of certain races as less involved in their work, less satisfied, less motivated, and less committed than individuals of other races
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Horn effect
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When we form an impression of an individual based on a single negative trait
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Age stereotypes
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Beliefs that tend to depict older workers as less involved in their work, less satisfied, less motivated, and less committed than younger workers
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Self-fulfilling prophecy AKA Pygmalion effect
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The phenomenon in which people’s expectations of themselves or others leads them to behave in ways that make those expectations come true.
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Causal attribution
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The activity of inferring causes for observed behavior
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Kelley’s Model
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This model of attribution proposes that people make causal attributions, after they gather information about three dimension of behavior
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Consensus, consistency and distinctiveness
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According to a famous model of attribution it is proposed that people make causal attributions, after they gather information about three dimension of behavior.. what are those three dimensions?
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Consensus
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Dimension of behavior when you compare an individual’s behavior with that of his or her peers. You look to see how much other people in the same situation behave the same way.
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Stressor
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The source of stress
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Consistency
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Dimension of behavior where you look to see whether an individual behaves the same way at different times
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Distinctiveness
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Dimension of behavior where you look to see whether an individual behaves the same way in other situations
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Fundamental attribution (error)
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In this bias people attribute another person’s behavior to his or her personal characteristics rather than to situational factors
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Self-serving bias
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In this bias people tend to take more personal responsibility for success than for failure
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Stress
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The tension people feel when they are facing or enduring extraordinary demands, constraints, or opportunities, and are uncertain about their ability to handle them effectively.
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5
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according to the text, how many sources of stress are there?
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Individual task demands
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Stress created by the job itself comes from what source of stress
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Non-work demands
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Stresses created by forces outside the organization comes from what source of stress
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Individual role demands
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Role overload, conflict and ambiguity comes from what source of stress
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Roles
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Sets of behaviors that people expect of occupants of a position
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Role overload
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This occurs when others’ expectations exceed one’s ability
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Role conflict
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This occurs when one feels torn by the different expectations of important people in one’s life
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Group demands
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Stress created by coworkers and managers comes from what source of stress
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Organizational demands
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Stress created by the environment and culture comes from what source of stress
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Role ambiguity
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This occurs when others’ expectations are unknown
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Burnout
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A state of emotional, mental and even physical exhaustion
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Psychological signs/symptoms
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Irritability, nervousness, anger, anxiety and hostility are what types of signs or symptoms of stress?
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Physiological signs/symptoms
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Sweaty palms, restlessness, backaches, headaches and upset stomach are what types of signs or symptoms of stress?
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Behavioral signs/symptoms
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Changes in eating habits, increased smoking/alcohol/drug abuse are what types of signs or symptoms of stress?
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Perception
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The process of interpreting and understanding one’s environment
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Values
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Abstract ideals that guide one’s thinking and behavior across all situation
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Buffers
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Administrative changes that managers can make to reduce the stressors that lead to employee burnout
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Reducing unhealthy stressors
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If I am a manager and I am creating a supportive organizational climate, making jobs interesting and making career counseling available I am likely attempting to reduce what?
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Agreeableness
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How trusting, good-natured, cooperative and soft-hearted one is
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