Mft Written Exam 3

Front 1

Equifinality

Back 1

no matter where one enters the system, the same process will result. it is the patterns of behavior that are crucial to systems therapists, not the topics

Front 2

Equipotentiality

Back 2

one cause can lead to different results. e.g. incest--> promiscuity or sexual inhibition

Front 3

Circular Causality

Back 3

Any behavior or event in a system is both a cuase and an effect & is reciprocally related: i.e. there is no beginning or end. De-emphasizes the notion of linear cause & effect.

Front 4

Cybernetics

Back 4

the study of self-controlling processes in the systems, especially the analysis of positive and negative feedback loops. Norbert Weiner

Front 5

Person Centered Therapy
Rogers

Back 5

1902-1987; Field: humanistic; Contributions: founded person-centered therapy, theory that emphasizes the unique quality of humans especially their freedom and potential for personal growth, unconditional positive regard, fully functioning person

Front 6

Person Centered Therapy
Rogers

Back 6

-Not a stage centered/oriented therapy and also does not proceed along any preconceived path.
- believes that people are responsible and possess the power to direct their own lives
Theme
- humans dev in a constructive way if an atmosphere of trust & respect is established
-Atmosphere of trust & respect is established if the therapist demonstrates
- unconditional positive regard
- empathy
- genuineness

Front 7

Person Centered Therapy
Rogers

Back 7

-No Technique- the emphasis is the relationship between therapist and client
-Here and now orientation
-- Non-directive
- Genuine
-Empathetic
- Enters the clts phenomenological world w/o judgement or presupposition in order to understand the clts experience
-Self-actualization The basic human drive toward growth, completeness, & fulfillment

Front 8

Person Centered Therapy Goals
Rogers

Back 8

- Independence & integration (that is, self-actualization)
- To assist clts in their growth process
- To provide a climate in which an individual can become a fully-functioning person

Front 9

Features of substance abuse

Back 9

1. Recurrent substance use resulting in a failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home. 2. Recurrent substance use in situations in which it is physically hazardous.
3. Recurrent substance-related legal problems.
4. Continued substance use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of the substance.
-Substance Abuse:
Only req. 1 symptom - does not meet the criteria for Sub Dependence; No tolerance or withdrawal; - no desire to quit

Front 10

Substance Dependance

Back 10

Dependence:
3 or more of following symptoms w/in 12 mo period - Tolerance
- Withdrawal
- Use of larger amts or over a longer time than intended
- Persistent desire
- Much time spent to obtain
- social, occupational or recreational activities are given up

Front 11

Classical vs. Operant Conditioning

Back 11

Classical conditioning conditioning that pairs a neutral stimulus with a stimulus that evokes a reflex (behavioral therapy)
Operant Conditioning a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher (behavior therapy)

Front 12

Goal of multigenerational Bowen?

Back 12

Differentiation of thoughts and feelings

Front 13

Piaget Sensorimotor Stage

Back 13

(Birth to 2 years) Infants construct their understanding of the world by coordinating sensory experiences with motor abilities

- Capable of overt actions
- Not capable of mental thought
- Psychological structures of this stage = sensorimotor action schemes
- Intelligence is built upon basic reflexes

Front 14

Piaget: Pre-operational Stage

Back 14

Piaget: Pre-operational Stage (2 to 7 years) More sophisticated thinking than infants.
- Mental representation (the symbolic function) emerges
- i.e. Acquiring words and developing language; symbolic play
- Capable of thought but limited
-Egocentrism

Front 15

Piaget Pre-operational Stage

Back 15

-Animism Everything that exists has a consciousness or awareness (Pre-operational)
-Centration Can only focus on one quality or feature of an object at a time. (Pre-operational)
Piaget: Reversibility The ability to follow a line of reasoning back to its original starting point. (Latter Pre-operational)

Front 16

Piaget: Concrete operational Stage

Back 16

Piaget: Concrete operational Stage (7-12 years) Thinking revolves around what they know and what they can experience through their senses.
- Children's thinking overcomes the logical deficiencies of the Preoperational Stage
- i.e. Now nonegocentric
- Thinking still bound by concrete, physical reality
- Reasoning is constrained to the content/material being reasoned about

Front 17

Piaget: Abstract thinking (Formal Operational)

Back 17

Piaget: Abstract thinking (Formal Operational) A way of thinking that does not rely on being able to see or visualise things to understand.

Front 18

Piaget: 2 adolescent distortions in reasoning

Back 18

Piaget: 2 adolescent distortions in reasoning 1) Imaginary audience (Adolescent distortion in reasoning that refers to their sense that they are always on "stage" or at the center of everyone's attention)
2) Personal fable (- Adolescent distortion in reasoning that refers to an exalted sense of one's own uniqueness or importance
- (Leads adolescents to think that no one else could ever understand their experiences))

Front 19

Satire (Exp/Comm) 5 components of self esteem Security

Back 19

Satire (Exp/Comm) 5 components of self esteem Security
Belonging
Competence
Direction
Selfhood

Front 20

Satire (Exp/Comm)Maturation

Back 20

Satire (Exp/Comm)Maturation Similar to Bowen's concept of differentiation

Front 21

Satire (Exp/Comm) Therapy Goals

Back 21

Satire (Exp/Comm) Therapy Goals
*Raise self-esteem
*Improve communication
*Growth
*Identify family roles and how they promote sxs

Front 22

Satire (Exp/Comm) Assessment Tools

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Satire (Exp/Comm) Assessment Tools
*Family life chronology
*Family reconstruction
*How family handles differentness
*Role function
*Self-manifestation : leveling?
*Model: how early life impacts

Front 23

Marital Quid Pro Quo

Back 23

Marital Quid Pro Quo Don Jackson: , an initial rule arrangement or bargain between husband and wife regarding the ways in which they intend to define themselves vis-a-vis one another in the marital relationship

Front 24

Marital Schism

Back 24

Marital Schism Theodore Lidz:, a situation in which one parent tries to undermine the worth of another by competing for sympathy or support from the children
a disturbed marital situation characterized by family disharmony, self-preoccupation, the undermining of the spouse, and frequent threats of divorce by one or both partners

Front 25

Bowen: Family Projection Process

Back 25

Bowen: Family Projection Process: the mechanism by which parental conflicts and immaturities are transmitted, through the process of projection, to one or more of the children
1. parent develops a fear about a child based on his/ her own weakness 2. parent interprets the child's behavior as confirming the fear 3. parents project their own behavior and therefore infuse that behavior into the child
Spouses unable to work thru fusion--> Project anxiety onto child when they become parents (scapegoating) **harmful to child's emotional stability.

Front 26

Experiential Family therapy

Back 26

Experiential Family therapy Focuses on current experiences of the family and emphasizes experience rather than insight or cognitive knowledge as causes for change. Attention is on emotions and what they represent. The therapist's relationship with the client is important. A leading name in the field is Carl Whitaker.
Interventions: Role reversal; model and teach communication skills; uncover family games.

Stresses the importance of congruent communication both between others and within self. If individuals are able to become more in touch with the messages within themselves, they are then able to communicate more congruently with others. Focus on power games in family and solving problems using creative strategic interventions designed to bypass resistance. Chief figures are Virginia Satir and Carl Whittakerm Kyuge; Luige Boscolo, Gianfranco Cecchia

Front 27

Structural Goal

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Goal is to transform dysfunctional family structures by creating disequilibrium so that they will be forced to reorganize

Front 28

Unbalancing

Back 28

Unbalancing in structural family therapy, a technique for altering the hierarchical relationship between members of a system or subsystem by supproting one member and thus upsetting family homeostasis

Front 29

STRATEGIC Family Therapy

Back 29

STRATEGIC Family Therapy Based on cybernetics and how therapist can intervene to help maintain healthy homeostasis on an intrapsychic level (person) as well as interpersonal level (system).
(Haley) A family problem is seen as a response to a certain dysfunction in the family system. Paradoxical Intervention.

Front 30

Token Economy

Back 30

Token Economy an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats

Front 31

Marital Skew

Back 31

Marital Skew Theodore Lidz, Lidz's term for a pathologic marriage in which one spouse dominates the other, a disturbed marital situation in which one partner dominates the family to an extreme degree, and in which the marriage is maintained at the expense of the distortion of reality

Front 32

Schizophreniform Disorder

Back 32

Schizophreniform Disorder The time frame forSchizophreniform Disorder is at least 1 month, but less than 6 months. An episode of this disorder includes the prodromal, active, and residual phases. When a diagnosis must be made when there has been no recovery, it should be qualified as "provisional."

Front 33

Schizophrenia

Back 33

Schizophrenia The time frame for Schizophrenia is that an individual has the disorder for at least 6 months. During this period, there must be a 1 month period of at least two of the following: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior. Negative symptoms include affective flattening, alogia, or avolition.

Front 34

Schizoid Personality Disorder

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Schizoid Personality Disorder Schizoid Personality Disorder involves a pervasive pattern of detachment from people and a restricted range of emotion.

Front 35

homogeneous and heterogeneous groups (Yalom)

Back 35

homogeneous and heterogeneous groups (Yalom) Homogeneous groups lead to more rapid group cohesion; better tools for individuals presenting with a singular symptom picture and requiring relief over a short-term period.
Heterogeneous groups facilitate long-term personality changes since they involve dissonance and incongruity.

Front 36

Conversion Disorder

Back 36

Conversion Disorder is characterized by a loss of physical functioning following a psychological stressor. Often the loss of physical functioning prevents the ability to perform a necessary task. Conversion Disorder falls under the category of Somatoform Disorders.

Front 37

Interventions of Cog Behavioral

Back 37

Interventions of Cog Beh Building a collaborative relationship, educating about the impact of jealous or angry thoughts on their feelings and behaviors, and using reflective listening are all possible Cognitive-Behavioral interventions used in the early stage of treatment. Uncovering underlying assumptions and schemas contributing to their relational problems and utilizing reality testing are middle stage goals and interventions.

Front 38

Antisocial PD and Conduct Disorder

Back 38

Antisocial Personality Disorder, a person needs to be at least 18 years old and to have exhibited symptoms of
Conduct Disorder beginning by at least age 15
The criteria for Conduct Disorder includes behavior that causes serious harm or violates the rights of others or property.

Front 39

Amphetamine and/or cocaine

Back 39

Amphetamine and/or cocaine use produces agitated behavior and impaired appetite; withdrawal involves depression, fatigue, and flu-like symptoms.

Front 40

Opiates

Back 40

Opiates tend to produce more apathy and psychomotor slowing

Front 41

Hallucinogens or inhalants

Back 41

Hallucinogens or inhalants produce more bizarre or erratic behavior, including fear of going crazy, slurred speech, tremors, perceptual difficulties, etc.

Front 42

Cannabis symptoms

Back 42

Cannabis symptoms include euphoria, paranoia and increased appetite

Front 43

Tardive Dyskensia

Back 43

Tardive Dyskensia Involuntary movements of the tongue, jaw, trunk or extremities characterize Tardive Dyskensia

Front 44

Mental Status Exam

Back 44

Mental Status Exam the client's nonverbal behaviors, assessing the client's thinking and memory, and evaluating the client's mood and judgment.
CORRECT. The categories of the Mental Status Exam are: Behavior (posture, facial expression, general body movements, speech, therapist-patient relationship); Appearance (e.g. disheveled); Perception (e.g. illusions, hallucinations); Thinking, (intellectual functioning, orientation, memory, insight, judgment, thought content and stream of thought); Affect (e.g. mood). [BAPTA]

Front 45

Somataform Disorders

Back 45

Somataform Disorders
Conversion Disorder involves the unintentional loss or alteration in physical functioning.
Hypochondriasis involves the belief that one has a serious disease despite reassurance from a doctor that this is not true.
Factitious Disorder involves intentionally producing symptoms without external incentives.
Somatization Disorder involves a history of many physical complaints, including one sexual symptom, over a period of several years.

Front 46

Piaget: Cognitive Equalibrium vs. Disequilibrium

Back 46

Piaget: Cognitive Equalibrium - Goal of intelligence
- A balanced harmonious relation between thought processes and the environment
Piaget: Cognitive disequilibrium - Imbalances between children's thinking and the environment

Front 47

Piaget stages of development

Back 47

Piaget stages of development 0-2 years = Sensorimotor Stage
2-7 = Preoperational Stage
7-11 = Concrete Operational Stage
11+ = Formal Operational Stage

Front 48

Erik Erikson

Back 48

Erik Erikson - Psychoanalytically-oriented theorist
- Student of Freud
- Ego development progresses through 8 stages
- In each stage, a different emotional crisis must be resolved and a different ego capability developed
- Erikson's ego-based psychosocial stages complement Freud's psychosexual id-based stages

Front 49

Erikson:Hope: Trust vs. Mistrust - Infants, 0-1

Back 49

Erikson:Hope: Trust vs. Mistrust - Infants, 0-1
- Centers around the infant's basic needs being met by the parents
- Coincides with Freud's Oral Stage

Front 50

Erikson: Will: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - Toddlers, 2-4

Back 50

Erikson: Will: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - Toddlers, 2-4
- Main Question: "Can I do things myself or must I always rely on others?"
- Coincides with Freud's Anal Stage

Front 51

Erikson: Purpose: Initiative vs. Guilt - Preschool, 4-6

Back 51

Erikson: Purpose: Initiative vs. Guilt - Preschool, 4-6
- Main Question: "Am I good or am I bad?"
- Initiative adds to autonomy the quality of undertaking, planning and attacking a task for the sake of being active and on the move.
- Related Elements in Society: ideal prototypes/roles
- Coincides with Freud's Phallic Stage

Front 52

Erikson: Competence: Industry vs. Inferiority - Childhood, 7-13

Back 52

Erikson: Competence: Industry vs. Inferiority - Childhood, 7-13
- Main Question: "How can I be good?"
- Related Elements in Society: division of labor
- Coincides with Freud's Latency Stage

Front 53

Erikson: Fidelity: Identity vs. Role Confusion - Adolescents, 14-24

Back 53

Erikson: Fidelity: Identity vs. Role Confusion - Adolescents, 14-24
- Main Question: "Who am I and where am I going?"
- Go through identity experimentation and role confusion during this stage
- Related Elements in Society: ideology
- Coincides with Freud's Genital Stage
-Identity crises: - Turning point in human development that ends with reconciliation between the person one has come to be and the person society expects one to become

Front 54

Erikson: Love: Intimacy vs. Isolation - Young adults, 25-40

Back 54

Erikson: Love: Intimacy vs. Isolation - Young adults, 25-40
- Main Question: "Am I loved and wanted?" or "Shall I share my life with someone or live alone?"
- Related Elements in Society: patterns of cooperation (often marriage)
- Distantiation: - Readiness to isolate and if necessary, to destroy those forces and people whose essence seems dangerous to our own, and whose territory seems to encroach on the extent of one's intimate relations

Front 55

Erikson: Care: Generavity (A sense of productivity and accomplishment) vs. Stagnation - Middle adulthood, 45-65

Back 55

Erikson: Care: Generavity (A sense of productivity and accomplishment) vs. Stagnation - Middle adulthood, 45-65
- Main Question: "Will I produce something of real value?"
- Related Elements in Society: parenting, educating, or other productive social involvement

Front 56

Wisdom: Ego Integrity vs. Despair - Seniors, 65+

Back 56

Wisdom: Ego Integrity vs. Despair - Seniors, 65+
- Main Question: "Have I lived a full life?"