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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Alfred Adler intiated which movement?
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-Intiated the child guidance movement.
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Alfred Adler was the first to believe that______
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-Treating children would help to prevent psychological problems
-He was the first to include social context in understanding psychological problems. |
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Alfred Adler found that_____.
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-People were were motivated by the need to overcome feelings of inferiority.
-behavior was consistent with a person's lifestyle: fuctional vs. disfunctional |
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Describe Social Interest according to Alfred Adler
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-where client's have concern for "fellow humans"
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Rudolf Dreikurs founded _______, which _________.
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Family Counseling Centers in the 1920's, which used Adler's child guidance approach
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Abraham and Hannah Stone opened the first _______ center.
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Marriage Counseling Center (1929, NY)
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In 1930 Paul Popenoe founded _________.
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The Americqan Institute of Family Relations on the West Coast
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In 1932 Emily Mudd began the_______.
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Marriage Council of Philadelphia, Association of Marriage Counselors
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In 1959 Don Jackson coined the term ___________ to describe maritial therapy in which spouses were seen together.
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Conjoint therapy
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Kurt Lewin developed ______theory, which focused on the idea that ______.
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Field Therapy-focused on the idea that the whole was greater than the sum of its parts. With this concept, he found that working in groups produced greater change.
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Wilfred Bion found that ________.
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Predictable properties come out of group dynamics
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Bennis described stages of ______ ______ and _________.
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Group development and change that occurs through the life cycle.
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Encounter groups and T-groups were developed by _________ and used by therapists for _________.
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Encounter groups and t-groups were developed by LEWIN. Therapists used these groups to observe family/group dynamics.
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Define content as described by group therapists.
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Content- what the groups discussed.
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Define Process as described by group therapists.
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Process-How groups discussed things
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In the 1940's Jacob Moreno created _________, which was _________.
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Psychodrama-a combination of group therapy and theatre techniques. Group participants acted out problems, which helped to experience problems in a new way.
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Peter Laqueur started ______ at Creedmore state hospital in NY.
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Multiple Family Group Therapy-saw several families together in a group using traditional therapy, psychodrama and encounter groups
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Ludwig Von Bertalanffy is credited with developing ______ theory.
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General Systems Theory
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Nathan Ackerman is the Father of ______.
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Known as the father of Family therapy.
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John Bell was the first to_______ by using _______ therapy.
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treat families by using family group therapy
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What is cybernetics?
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The study of how systems are controlled and how information feedback loops work.
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Who was involved in beginning the Mental Research Institute?
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Gregory Bateson, John Weakland, William Fry, Don Jackson, Jay Haley and Virginia Satir
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The group at the Mental Research Institute focused on studying ___________.
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Communication patters of families with a member diagnosised with Schizophrenia .
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What is Homeostatis?
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Tendancy of families to resist change.
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What is Behavioral redundancy
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People in relationships develop family rules that govern their behavior and patterns.
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What does Double Blind mean?
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Double blind refers to when a person recieves contradictory commands from which there is no escape
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Jay Haley developed ____therapy, in which______.
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Jay Haley developed breif therapy, where he used directives (tasks) to get families to chang thier behaviors. The directives were often theraputic paradozes
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Haley bridged which two theories?
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Strategic and Structural therapy
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Salvador Minuchin is the founder of which model of FT?
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Structural
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Virgina Satir was a leading figure in ______ movement?
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Human Potiental movement
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Milton Erikson helped develop ____ techniques.
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Paradoxical techniques
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Frieda Fromm-Reichmann coined the term________, which means _____.
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Schizophrenogenic mother-domineering, cold, rejecting, possessive, guilt producing person who, in combination with passive, detached and ineffectual father could cause her children to become schizophrenic.
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Theodore Lidz rejected idea of Fromm-Reichman, asserting that_____.
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It was fathers who caused their children to be Schizophrenic
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What is Marital Schism?
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-Parents are overly focused on their own problems, which causes dysfunction leading to schizophrenia in children
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What is Marital Skew?
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-one parent dominates the family, which causes dysfunction leading to schizophrenia in children
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Lyman Wynne developed which 3 terms? Define terms
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-Pseudomutuality-when a family appears to be harmonous to to cover up conflict.
-Pseudohostility-families that appear noisy and hostile to mask affection. -rubber fence boundary-when families appear to be open to outside advise, but really are impenetrable to information from the outside. |
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The term Emotional Divorce coined by Murray Bowen refers to _______.
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The emotional distance between parents. These relationships vary from overcloseness to overdistance
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Carl Whitaker developed which model of therapy?
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Symbolic-experiential symbolic therapy
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Ivan Boszormenyi-Nagy founded_______ in _______.
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PSychiatric Center in Philadelphia.
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Ivan Boszormenyi-Nagy created _____ therapy.
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Contextual therapy
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Ivan Boszormenyi-Nagy focused on ___?
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Multigenerational ethical accountibility, relationshional ethics, loyality, ledger of accountability and ledger of indebtedness.
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James Framo developed ____.
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A treatment model for couples
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Robert Speck and Carolyn Attneave developed _______ model of therapy.
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Network therapy
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Describe Structural therapy
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Structural therapy states that hypothetical structions influence how familes operate and are resistant to change
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Describe enmeshed families according to Minuchin
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Families that are chaotic and tightly connected
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Describe diffused parents according to Minuchin
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parents in this family are too involved with thier children to take control of the family
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Described Disengaged parents according to Minuchin
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parents that are disengaged are too uninvolved and distant in thier children's relationship provide accurate encouragment, direction and leadership. These parents have rigid boundaries
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Fred and Bunny Duhl and David Kantor founded ________ and created ______ model of therapy.
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They founded the Boston Family Institute and developed an intergrative model of family therapy.
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Duhl and Kanter crated which types of family therapy techniques?
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expressive, experienctial, nonverbal. These included: Spacialization and family sculpting
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Mara Selvini Palazzoli created which type of therapy?
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Milian Systems Therapy
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Name the primary techniques used by Milian Family Therapists
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-Rituals-engage the family in behavior that violate family rules
-Positive connotations-used to help families change through paradox by complimenting family members on devising the symptom to keep the system the same. |
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After the Milian group split, they renamed their theory____ and devised ___techniques.
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Strategic Family therapy. They devised:
-Invariant prescriptions-to counter act the "dirty game" or power struggle between parents and children. |
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Boscolo and Cecchin developed ____ style of therapy.
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Collaborative
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In the collaborative model of family therapy therapists_____.
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-Consider the client/therapist interactions the treatment.
-Have a "curious" attitude about family and meanings derived from their experiences. -Ask circular questions to help family think in a different way. -remain indifferent about outcome of therapy |
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Define Modernism
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Modernism suggest that "truth" consists of tangible, knowable set of obervable facts
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Deinfe Post Modernism
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Post Modernism suggest that they are no universal truths, only points of view.
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Post Modern therapists put their emphasis on______.
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Social context, the way meaning is created, and language.
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Post Modern therapists take ____ role, whereas Modern therapists took the ______ role.
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Post modern therapists take the role of coach, whereas modern therapists take the expert role.
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Breifly descibe feminist theory
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Feminist therapists take a post modern view. They put more weight on the issues of the women then men in a relationship due to their belief that men still hold most of the power in relationships.
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Name the post modern schools of therapy
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Social constructionist models: Narrative, SFT, collaborative language systems
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Which theorists created narriatve therapy?
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Michael White & David Epston
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Which theorists created SFT?
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INsoo kim Berg and Steve De. Shazer
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Which theorists created Collaboritve language systems therapy?
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Harlene Anderson and Harry Goolishian
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Breifly describe Collaborative Language Systems Therapy
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An approach to therapy that emphasizes that humans create meaning through language. This approach is bade on the premise that that knowledge is created through social discourse. These therapists do not give directives or make hypotheses. These therapists take a "not knowing view." They co-create stories in which the proble-solver discolvers new possibilities.
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Gregory Bateson is considered the father of ______.
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Cybernetics
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James Miller was the pioneer of _____theory.
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General Living Systems Theory
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Name the family systems therapy concepts that have emerged from Bertalanffy's work.
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-Equifinality, Equipoteniality, isomorphism, the ripple effect, boundaries, heirarchy, subsystem
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What are boundaries according to GST?
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-are theorhetical lines that mark a system (family) as a whole and seperate subsystems (i.e. mom/dad, daughter/son.
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Define Boundary Interface/ Familial Boundary
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The space between each subsystem (part) within a system (whole)
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Define Open Systems
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have permable boundaries; allow outside to influence them
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Define closed systems
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have IM-permable boudaries, do NOT allow outside to influence them
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Define Circular/mutual Causality
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Each part of the system influence one another.( A->B->C->A) As opposed to Linear causality, where A --->B---->C
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Define Entropy
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systems tendancy to break down
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Define negative entropy
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emeregences when a system is balanced between openness and Closedness. Info can enter system and change can occur
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Define Equifinality
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the outcome of a system can be effected by multiple sources. For example: Nature vs. Nurture.
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Define Equipoteniality
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different outcomes can occur from teh same intial condition
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Define Feedback Loops
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self-correcting mechanisms by which families attempt to adjust deviations from patterns and maintain its original state.
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Amplifying or Positive feedback loops
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attempt to change system from stable state to new stable state. CHANGE IN BEHAVIOR
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Attenuating or negative feedback loops
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maintain homeostasis. Provide balance by controlling systems behavior within defined limits. BEHAVIOR STAYS THE SAME
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Homeostatis
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tendancy of a system to resist change, maintain negative feedback looops
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Who introduced the idea of homeostatis to family therapy?
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Don Jackson
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Isomorphism
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Two+ systems or levels of a system have the same structure.
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Morphogenesis
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systems tendancy towards growth, creativity, change and innovation. Function similar to POSITIVE FEEDBACK LOOPS
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Morphostasis
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systems tendancy towards stability. NEGATIVE FEEDBACK LOOPS.
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Process
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aspects that are changing within the system. looks at HOW something is being said.
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Recursiveness
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CIRCULAR CAUSALITY
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Ripple Effect
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a change at one level of the system causes a change at another level of the systems
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Structures
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Parts of a system that can be changed. Structure is defined by the observer.
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Cognitive Maps
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how incoming information is percieved, understood, trandformed and stored with behavioral responses
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Human System's Theory emphasis is on_____.
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communication
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Decomposition Law States ____.
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That one cannot communicate and that an analysis of teh system much include understanding of all of its parts
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Define Proxemics
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Spatial relations-body language, stance, preferred physical distance
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Define Streptic Communication
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Whistles,claps, slaps on the back
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Define Haptic communication
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touch
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Define paralinguistic communication
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tone, pace, inflection
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Define Kinesthetic communication
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body motion
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Analogic vs. digital communication
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-Analogic communication-little structure, rich in content (i.e. drawing picture)
-Digital-verbal communication that is percieved and interpreted based on meaning |
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Define Metacommunication
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Communicating about communicating. Ex: a nod or wink after verbally communicating, or saying your not angry, but having clenched teeth
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Types of metacommunication
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-Constant message-
-Self cancelling message -Tangential -Hyperbolic -Echoing -Symptomatic -Impervious -Literal |
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Report vs. Command
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Report-the content
Command-info about relationship |
