Mft Exam #2

Front 1

Shaping

Back 1

a form of behavioral therapy, based on operant conditioning principles, in which successive approximations of desired behavior are reinforced until the desired behavior is achieved.

Front 2

time out

Back 2

a behavioral technique for extinguishing undesirable or inappropriate behavior by removing the reinforcing consequences of that behavior; the procedure is used primarily with children

Front 3

Token economy

Back 3

a program in which tokens (points, old stars) are dispensed contingent upon the successful completion of previously designated desired behaviors; the accumulated tokens can be redeemed later for money or special privileges

Front 4

Baseline

Back 4

A stable, reliable performance level, against which changes, particularly of a behavioral nature, can be compared.

Front 5

integrative couples therapy

Back 5

a behaviorally based technique emphasizing the emotional acceptance of behavior in a partner that is not open to change.

Front 6

Social learning theory

Back 6

the theory that a person's behavior is best understood when the conditions under which the behavior is learned are taken into account

Front 7

therapeutic contracts

Back 7

as used by behavioral family therapists, written negotiated agreements between family members to make specific behavior changes in the future

Front 8

operant interpersonal therapy

Back 8

a marital therapy approach based on operant conditioning theory, particularly the exchange between partners of positive rewards

Front 9

Arbitrary inferences

Back 9

conclusions dran in the absence of supporting substaiting evidence.
i.e "she's late from work, she must be having an affair"

Front 10

selective abstractions:

Back 10

information taken out of context, highlighting certain details and ignoring others

i.e "he didn't say good morning when we woke up. He must be angry."

Front 11

overgeneralization

Back 11

an isolated incident or two is allowed to serve as representative of all similar situations, related or not.

i.e. "she turned me down for a date saturday night. I'll always be rejected."

Front 12

Magnification and minimization

Back 12

a case of circumstance is perceived in a greater or lesser light than is appropriate.

i.e. "our checkbook is out of balance. We're financially ruined.

Front 13

Dichotomous thinking

Back 13

experiences are codified as complete successes or complete failures.

ie. a husband asks his wife how his paperhanging job is going. She questions the smoothness of one seam, to which he replies, " I can't do anything right in your eyes."

Front 14

mind reading

Back 14

knowing what the other is thinking without asking, and as a consequence ascribing unworthy intentions to the other.

i.e. I know what's going on in her mind. she's trying to figure out a way to dump me.

Front 15

Biased explanations

Back 15

a suspicious type of thinking about a partner, especially during stressful times.

i.e. he's acting really lovey dovey because later he'll ask me to do something he knows I hate to do.

Front 16

Problem analysis

Back 16

seeks to pinpoint the specific behavioral deficts

Front 17

functional analysis

Back 17

directed at uncovering the interrelationships between those behavioral deficits and the interpersonal environment in which they are functionally relevant

Front 18

radical behaviorism

Back 18

the outlook offered by B.F. skinner that overt or observable behavior is the only acceptable subject of scientific investigation

Front 19

behavioral analysis

Back 19

an assessment procedure in which a therapist identifies the targeted behavior to be changed, determines the factors currently maintaining the behavior and formulates a treatment plan that includes specific criteria for measuring the successes of the change effort

Front 20

Schemas

Back 20

enduring sets of core beliefs and attitudes about people, relationships, and so on that organize subsequent thoughts and perceptions

Front 21

Cognitive restructuring

Back 21

an intervention procedure whereby the therapoist attempts to modify the client thoughts, perceptions, and attributions about an event

Front 22

Cognitive-behavioral therapy

Back 22

emphasizes the importance of cognitive behavior interactions among family members

Front 23

behavioral parent training

Back 23

often carried out in the client's home

Front 24

Behavioral couples therapy

Back 24

training couples in communication skills, the exchange of positive reinforcements, cognitive restructuring, and problem solving skills in order to facilitate marital satisfaction

Front 25

Operant conditioning

Back 25

a form of learning in which correct or desired responses are rewarded or reinforced, thus increasing the probability that these responses will recur

Front 26

Contingency contract

Back 26

an agreement, usually in written form, made by two or more family members specifying the circumstances under which each is to do something for the other, so that they may exchange rewarding behavior

Front 27

Classical conditioning

Back 27

a form of learning in which a previously neutral stimulus, through repeated pairing with a stimulus that ordinarily elicits a response, eventually elicits the response by itself

Front 28

defense mechanisms

Back 28

?

Front 29

drive theory

Back 29

?

Front 30

Narcissistic personality disorders

Back 30

patients freud considered unanalyzable because they were not able to invest or engage in a relationship with the analyst

Front 31

self psychology

Back 31

kohut developd this, where he argued that narcissistic personality difficulties result from a failure in childhood to develop confident feelings about oneself as the result of poor experiences with inadequate or unavailable patterns.

Front 32

object relations therapy

Back 32

relationship focused, instead of remaining a blank screen on which the patients projects their fantasies.

*views the infant's experiences in relationship to the mother as the primary determinant of adult personality formation.

Front 33

splitting

Back 33

by Fairbairn, the child within the first year of life internalizes an image of the mother into a good object (the satisfying and loving mother) and a bad object (the inaccessible and frustrating mother) , forming distinct internal relationship with the separate objects.

Front 34

projective identification

Back 34

an interactive mental process in which marital partners unconsciously defend against anxiety by projecting or externalizing certain split-off or unwanted parts of themselves onto their partners, who in turn are manipulated to behave in accordance with this projection

Front 35

transference and countertransference

Back 35

feelings are explored in an effort to arrive at greater understanding and growth

Front 36

selfobjects

Back 36

extensions of the infant represented by attention and praise coming from its environment

Front 37

Bowen's family systems theory

Back 37

conceptualized the family as an emotional unit, a network of interlocking relationships, best understood when analyzed within a multigenerational or historical framework

Front 38

multigenerational transmission process

Back 38

severe dysfunction is conceptualized as the result of chronic anxiety transmitted over several generations

Front 39

relational ethics

Back 39

focuses attention on the long-term, oscillating alance of fairness among members within a family, whereby the welfare interests of each participant are taken into account by the others

Front 40

invisible loyalty

Back 40

children unconsciously take on responsibilities to aid their parents, often to their own detriment

Front 41

phenomenological

Back 41

?

Front 42

emotionally focused couple therapy (EFCT)

Back 42

emphasizes emotional engagment between partners, identifying the feelings that define the quality of their relationship, and helping them create secure attachment bonds

Front 43

family sculpting

Back 43

a nonverbal communication method whereby a family member can physically place other members in a spatial relationship with one another, symbolizing, among other things, his or her perception of the family members' differences in power or degrees of intimacy with one another

Front 44

Whitaker's view of family therapy stages

Back 44

1. a pretreatment or engagement phase
2. a middle phase
3. late phase
4. separation phase

Front 45

symmetrical escalation

Back 45

quarrels may get out of hand and become even more ill tempered

Front 46

paradoxical injunction

Back 46

double-bind message is communicated when one person issues an injunction to another that simultaneously contains two levels of messages or demands that are logically inconsistent and contradictory, producing a paradoxical situation for the recipient

Front 47

systemic family therapy

Back 47

characterized by a systematic search for differences in behavior, relationships, and how various family members perceive and construe an event

by efforts to uncover the connections that link family members and keep the system in homeostatic balance

Front 48

positive connotation

Back 48

positive motives were ascribed to all family transactions, which were reframed to appear to be carried out in the name of family cohesion and thus functioning to maintain family homeostasis

Front 49

circular questioning

Back 49

asking each family member questions that help address a difference or define a relationship between two other members of the family

Front 50

invariant prescription

Back 50

based on a six stage model of psychotic family games

Front 51

contructavist epistemology

Back 51

the view that each person involved constructs his or her personalized views and interpretations of what they might be experiencing together