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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is translation?
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The second step in protein synthesis and gene expression. mRNA into amino acid code and it occurs in the cytoplasm
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be detailed
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Genetic Code
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Alphabet of four characters making 20 amino acids; the codon sequesnce is three nucleotides long
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What is the nucleic acid alphabet?
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A, G, C, T/U
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Letters
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What is the start codon amino acid?
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Methionene, AUG
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amino acid
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How many amino acids per codon?
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One
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Different Mutations
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A change in a single nucleotide sequence, insertions, deletions, frameshift mutations
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Where does translation occur?
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In the cytoplasm in association with the ribosomes.
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Components of Translation?
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mRNA- genetic code
tRNA- transport appropriate amino acid ribosome- brings the two languages together with a large and small subunit |
don't forget the ribosome
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tRNA
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transfers a specific amino acid to a growing chain, it is very specific and attaches to only one amino acid
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Structure of tRNA
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Clover leaf with mRNA specific anticodon on one end and a specific amino acid on the other
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what is the wobble phenomenon?
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When different codons can code for the same protein. The first two letters are the same and the third is the "wobble" it gives us flexibility
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"Charging" tRNA
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When tRNA has an amino acid covalently attached to its 3' end. The recognition site requires ATP
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Initiation Step 1
Formation of Pre-Initiation Complex |
Preparing tRNA for translation, methionyl-tRNA (initator tRNA), pre-initiation complex: tRNA/eIF2/small ribosome
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Initiation Step 2
Binding of Initation Factors to mRNA |
Preparation of mRNA, cap binding protein (CBP) or eIF4E, poly-A binding protein (PABP)(-binds 3' poly-A tail of mRNA, can help circularize mRNA before binding and it can either favor or inhibit initiation)
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Initiation Steps 3-5
Bringing mRNA into the Ribosome |
3. cap recognition complex brings the tRNA and mRNA together
4. ribosomes begins scanning for start codon (AUG) which will complete the ribosome 5. Met-tRNA base-pairs eIF2 hydrolyzes GTP and initiation factors are released |
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Initiation Steps 6-7
Completing the Ribosome |
6. Initation factors are
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