Mfg 202 History Of Creativity 2Nd Half

Front 1

Petrarch

Back 1

considered to be the link between the middle ages and the renaissance
believed that a well-rounded education was critical to the success of the old Roman Empire

Front 2

Humanism

Back 2

the basic ideology of the renaissance
focussed on the individual and led to improved education

Front 3

Competition between Brunelleschi and Ghiberti

Back 3

-Ghiberti won the competition after a tie
-Brunelleschi left Florence because of the tie and traveled to Rome to study art, architecture and making clocks

Front 4

Masaccio

Back 4

-was able to demonstrate linear perspective in his painting the holy trinity
-brought realism into his paintings like Tribute Money

Front 5

Donatello

Back 5

-a sculptor that sculpted St. George very similarly to ancient Roman statue
-sculpted David, the first freestanding nude figure since Roman times

Front 6

Machiavelli

Back 6

-the price, a book he wrote to win favor from the medici family
-argued that the prince should return to the ideas of ancient rome

Front 7

Leonardo Da Vinci

Back 7

renaissance man
illigitament son of public notary and peasant girl
The last supper - painted on the refectory of a monestary in milan
Mona Lisa - wife of a local official

Front 8

Michelangelo

Back 8

son of a stone cutter
Pieta, a statue of mary holding the body of her dead son, Jesus
Moses, carved for pope julius' tomb out of his own money
David, in florence, designed to be placed high on the cathedral but it was so sweet they put it in the town plaza
Sisteen chapel ceiling, he completed it in four years, considered the greatest art work ever completed

Front 9

Rafael

Back 9

School of Athens, summoned by the pope to decorate the staterooms in the vatican
Was very good at mimicking his teacher Perugino
Plato and Aristotle modeled on Renaissance artists

Front 10

chiaroscuro and sfumato

Back 10

chiaroscuro - light and dark, used to hightlight elements
sfumato - means smokey, used to smooth the outlines of elements to give them a softness

Front 11

Realism

Back 11

People are represented as the really were or could have been, rather than just symbolic representations, and depicting appropriate emotion

Front 12

Diverse subject matter

Back 12

Pagan themes are included, in addition to religious themes

Front 13

Simple and clean lines and designs

Back 13

Designs reflect a desire to return to the geometric and symmetric standards of the ancient greeks

Front 14

Perspective

Back 14

many techniques are used to give three-dimensionality to the picture especially the technique of linear perspective

Front 15

Geometric arrangement of figures

Back 15

to emphasize some figure in the painting over others of less importance, figures are placed geometrically, especially in triangular arrangements

Front 16

Martin Luther

Back 16

95 theses, Luther's disagreement with the practices of the church at that time
Diet of Worms, Luther stated that the authority of the scriptures and of logic were higher than the authority of the pope
Frederick the Wise protected him in his castle
translated the bible into german

Front 17

Zwingli

Back 17

Anabapitsts, started by zwingli, separated themselves from the regular protestant body
taught literal interpretation of the bible

Front 18

Calvin in French speaking Switzerland

Back 18

fled france for supporting Luther and found refuge in Geneva Switzerland and turned it into a Protestant city
His teachings were very strict and even controlling

Front 19

William Tyndale

Back 19

Lived in England
Published the Bible in english in the Netherlands and smuggled the Bible into England
Used a Catholic Bishop to make money off the bibles and print more bibles

Front 20

Thomas More

Back 20

wrote a treatise against luther to the pope, put the kings name on it, and the king became known as the defender of the faith
wrote the book utopia, which describes the perfect society

Front 21

Henry VIII

Back 21

stonch supporter of the pope and against Luther, against english translation of the bible
known as the defender of the faith
could not have a son with his first wife Catherine and decided to go against the teachings of the catholic church and divorce her
he eventually had a son and had six wives in all

Front 22

Erasmus

Back 22

Used early greek manuscripts to retranslate and fix errors in the current version of the bible
wrote a discourse, In Praise of Folly, to encourage reform from within the catholic church

Front 23

Michel de Montaigne

Back 23

invented the genre of essay
the purpose of his writings were to reveal the author's mind rather than to convince or motivate

Front 24

Bloody Mary

Back 24

Mary Tudor, oldest child of King Henry VIII, became queen after Edward VI died
she was a Catholic and tried to crush protestant faith and reestablish Catholicism in England

Front 25

Albrecht Durer

Back 25

supported through school by his brother, his brother's hands got all messed up from mining, Durer did a series of drawings of hands
most famous for his elaborate and detailed woodcarvings

Front 26

Peter Bruegel

Back 26

dutch painter that showed much attention to detail
used commoners in common settings as the subjects of his paintings

Front 27

Queen Elizabeth

Back 27

became queen after bloody mary and had no training
supported pirating, which were called privateers, to gain money for the country

Front 28

James I

Back 28

believed in the ideas of absolutism and fashioned himself as a divine-right king.
son of mary stuart, queen of scotts

Front 29

Mary Stuart

Back 29

Elizabeth's cousin
queen of scotts
made england the first true limited monarchy with the english bill of rights

Front 30

Phillip II of Spain

Back 30

Married Bloody Mary, marriage produced no children before Mary died
Proposed marriage to Elizabeth but she led on the proposal for over 10 years
A Hapsburg

Front 31

Hamlet

Back 31

Uncle Claudius
Gertrude, hamlets mother
Polonius, Ophelia's and Laertes father
Fortinbras - prince of norway

Front 32

France—King Louis XIII

Back 32

became king when his father, Henry IV was assassinated
his principal adviser, cardinal Richelieu, was the de facto ruler

Front 33

Cardinal Richeliu

Back 33

principal adviser to king Louis XIII
he had a very Machiavellian approach to politics which kept countries like Spain and Germany in check
involved france in the 30 years war
increased power of the state

Front 34

Louis XIV

Back 34

reign became a golden age for France, and he became known as the sun king because he was the light that gave life to France
Had total control over the affairs of france and became his own prime minister
"I am the state"
Started Versailles to keep control of the government

Front 35

England—Cromwell

Back 35

leader of the radical roundhead group that won the english civil war
forced parliment to end the monarchy and made England a commonwealth
eventually became a dictator and was known as "Lord Protector"

Front 36

Charles II

Back 36

when he was crowned king, the return of manarchy was called the restoration
most of the changes made during the commonwealth and pretectorate periods were revoked and the government of england largely reverted to what it had been during th reign of charles I

Front 37

James II

Back 37

Tried to reinstate Catholicism in england
had a son and openly batrized him as a catholic and that made england mad

Front 38

William & Mary—English Bill of Rights

Back 38

English Parlament invited william and mary to replace James II because they were protestant
because of them and the english bill of rights england became a true limited monarchy

Front 39

Russia—Peter the Great

Back 39

tried to shift russia's culture from asian to the more modern european culture
built new russian port city modelled after european cities and called it st. petersburg

Front 40

The Prince

Back 40

Machiavelli

Front 41

A Discussion of Free Will, Hyperaspistes

Back 41

Erasmus

Front 42

Salvation Through Faith Alone

Back 42

Luther

Front 43

To the Christian Nobility...

Back 43

Luther

Front 44

Address at the Diet of Worms;

Back 44

Luther