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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Definition of Classicism?
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1.the period of the ancient greeks and romans
2. a standard (enduring like coca-cola) 3. genre of music 4. time period 1750-1820 |
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According to the lives of musicians what was the time span for the classical era?
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began at the death of bach
ended mid-life of beethoven |
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What are generalities with classical thinking?
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reason was supreme
sought the perfect society beauty rules were valuable |
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what is characteristics of the viennese style of music?
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- dedication to form from germany
- strong melody from italy (vienna was in the middle of the two and is then a combination of the 2 styles) |
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what are common characteristics of classical music?
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- written for the middle class
(non-sophisticated listener) - simple and melodic themes (bach: fugue, mozart: Eine Kleine) - large room - movements have beginning middle, and end (beethoven 5th) - easier to play (beethoven: Fur Elise) |
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Who was Joseph Haydn?
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Father figure to mozart and beethoven
- worked for prince esterhazy - 1st of the great classical composers who perfected the sonata form - he is called "the father of symphony" - included jokes in his symphonies (like a big symbol clash to wake up the audience) |
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Mozart's defining things
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- began composing before age 5
- lived life of depression and creativity - heard entire composition in his head before writing anything down - lived while life and died at 35 most likely because of his excessive drinking and partying - perfected the serenade |
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Beethoven's attributes
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- put to work by his alcoholic father at a young age
- made the piano popular - started going deaf by age 30 - had 2 periods of composition 1. classical 2. romantic(may have ben caused by onset of deafness) - he had supreme architect in his pieces tieing all movements into a theme |
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What was common of rococo art
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- emphasis on ultra beauty and nature
- less dramatic (more sweet) than baroque - themes aimed at wealthy class |
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who painted "pilgrimage to cythera"? in rococo style
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Jean Antione Watteau
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Who painted "Europa"?
rococo style |
Francois boucher
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Who painted "the swing" in the rococo style?
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Jean-Honore Fragonard
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Who painted "mary, countess howe" and "blue boy" and "Mrs. Richard Brinsley Sheridan"
rococo style? |
Thomas Gainsborough
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Who painted "Collina" in rococo style?
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Sir Joshua Reynolds
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Neoclassical art
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emphasis on balance, order and symmetry whereas rococo was flowery, ornate and soft
Jacques Louis David - neoclassical painter |
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What are Jacques David's famous paintings?
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- Death of Socrates
- oath of Horatii - Intervention of the sabine women - Napoleon crossing the alps - coronation of napoleon - napoleon in his study |
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Differences of America as a nation
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-born of the enlightenment
-acceptance of the principle of freedom - looking for better life - strong middle class - lack of dominant church - strong technical/scientific orientation |
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What are the main causes for the start of the revolution
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increasing taxes from england like townsend acts, stamp act and after boston tea party the intolerable acts
(No taxation without representation!!) |
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What were consequences of the passing of intolerable acts?
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closed boston harbor
forced housing and feeding of british troops increased power to british colonial governors |
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Declaration of Independance
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Thomas Jefferson used concepts from locke and rousseau
- drew on points that appealed to british parliament...kind george III was denying certain basic rights to colonists...benjamin franklin then reviewed it and gave it more legitamacy A CREATIVE MASTERPIECE -cornerstone of modern democracy |
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how did americans win the battles?
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-methods of fighting(don't shoot until you see the whites of their eyes)
- a few american successes(trenton, saratoga, swamp fox) - long supply lines from great britain - french support - large area of engagement - surrender of best general (cornwallis at yorktown) - diplomacy of franklin and adams |
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how america established an enlightened government?
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roman model
- checks and balances - rule of law - indirect election - 2 branches of government Established principles of liberty (bill of rights) |
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What were the main causes of the french revolution?
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- 3 estates
- Anglophile feeling - American Revolution, france helped america and saw the shaping of their government and brought back some of the ideals with them to france - french monarchy's unwillingness to change |
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What were 3 stages of french revolution and who controlled them?
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1st stage was control by moderates
2nd stage was control by the radicals (reign of terror) 3rd stage was return to moderate control |
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Character traits napoleon gotfrom the enlightenment?
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creative, scientific, non-traditional, liberal
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What napleon accomplished when put in as first consul?
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- created code of napoleon
- established bank of france - centralized state government - regained good relations with catholic church - set up education system - support of science |
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What is the hundred days?
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when napleon returned to france after exile to elba...he lost the battle of waterloo and sent to tiny island called St. Helena
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What was Congress of Vienna
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6 heads of states including Wellington who defeated napoleon at waterloo and two political ministers who pretty much led the congress: Metternich of Austria and Talleyrand of France.
-Goal was to reshape europe to pre-napoleon and pre enlightenment monarchy's |
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Characteristics of the romantic period?
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- restrictions no longer important
- emphasis on emotion rather than reason - nationalism - stories depicted - nature in a mystical way - exotic |
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Characteristics of romantic music?
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orchestra grew in size
emotional directions folk songs longer symphonies underlying themes carried throughout the symphonyq |
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Who bridged classical and romantic periods? (composer)
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Beethoven
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who was a child prodigy in the romantic period who was from Vienna Austria. He wrote songs called lieder or songs with an emotional theme. he drew inspiration from books written from goethe and other authors...many of his works were lost
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Franz Schubert
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Defining Frederic Chopin?
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sickly his whole life
made money giving piano concerts born in poland, lived paris due to unstable conditions in poland when he died dirt from poland was sprinkled over his grave in paris and his heart was buried in poland - composed almost entirely for the piano...short pieces and did not use form |
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Franz Liszt
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Hungarian child prodigy
greatest showman, fainted onstage, broke pianos, lit them on fire...the romantic period rockstar. although kind to other musicians |
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Giuseppe Verdi
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greatest italian style opera
innovation to focus on human emotion - orchestra was important component |
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Tchaikovsky
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Used french style althogh russian
- ballets are most famous, nutcracker, sleeping beauty, romeo and juliet -in contrast to other romantic composers,he did not reveal personal feelings through music |
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romantic art
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abandonded strictness of neoclassical art
- conveyed personal feeling of artist - used nationalism - depicted the exotic - landscapes became important |
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Fransisco Goya
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Paintings
-Saturn Devouring on of his sons - 3rd of May (execution) - |
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Eugene Delacroix
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Paintings
-Liberty leading the people - the death of sardanapalus |
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Joseph Turner
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Paintings
- the fighting "temaire" - The slave ship |
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John Constable
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Paintings
- Hay Wain (use of landscapes and warm colors) |
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Johann Goethe
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-raised the level of german literature
- second to luther's bible in establishing german language - wrote Dr. Faustus (faustus sells his soul to the devil) |
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Sir Walter Scott
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Scottish
- wrote historical novels (new genre) - wrote Ivanhoe and Lady of the Lake |
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Victor Hugo (writer)
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Son of Napoleonic General
- 2 great literary works Les Miserables Hunchback of Notre Dame Involved in French Politics |
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Dumas (writer)
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wrote, count of monte cristo
- the three musketeers - the man in the iron mask Novels supported extravagant lifestyle |
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Lord Byron
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wrote
- the flying dutchman - wandering jew - childe harold |
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Percy Shelley
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strong liberal
Married Mary Wollstone craft who wrote Frankenstein |
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Leo Tolstoy
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Russian, born of nobility but lived on simple farm
Wrote War and Peace(greatest russian novel ever written) also wrote Anna Kaernina |
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what was the industrial revolution?
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-machines were coordinate to make goods
- energy from non-animal sources - industry grew 4 times faster |
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how did industrial revolution change the society?
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most profound effect since agriculture
- allowed for higher standard of livig for most - transformed social classes - government change..political and military balance and europe as dominant power |
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Why Ind. Revolution in England?
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no civil strife
- government favored trade Laissez Faire (free trade) -large middle class - everyone lived within 20 miles of navigable river - weak guilds |
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Richard Arkwright accomplishements?
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invented spinning water frame, able to make stronger and finer fibers
- constructs first spinning factory by connecting several machings together - used water to power machines and went to John Kay (a watch maker) to help with gears |
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Jacquard looms
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used punch card to do intricate weaving quickly
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manufacturin negatives
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poor working conditions
cnildren supplied labor (parents had to send them to work to pay rent) luddites - handicraftsmen replaced by maching - organised to stop industrialization |
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What was used for energy
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animal power and plant burning
water arose as energy source coal discovered...steam engines and railroads, steam pumps for mines |
