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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 5 elements of creativity?
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unique(usually thinking)
value (usually doing) intent(usually doing) implementation: excellence/continuation (doing) |
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what is small c creativity?
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everyone does it
doing something "you" have never done before developing a skill (which many others have also mastered) |
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What is Large C creativity?
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you must impress those who judge your work
you must make a contribuition to the domain |
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What were the two main objectives of the renaissance
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-find man (gave birth to modern era with where human beings first began to think of themselves as individuals and not just bein happy to be parts of a greater whole)
- promote learning **started in Italy |
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In the early renaissance what did humanism mean?
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-pursuit of individualism
-basic culture needed of all -life could be enjoyable -love of the classical past |
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What were causes of Renaissance?
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Lessening of feudalism- growth of middle class through trade
Fall of Constantinople- greek scholars fled to Italy Education Nostalgia among Italians to recapture the glory of Roman Empire |
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History of Florence and Medici family
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Family of physicians
Took up banking Financed wool trade Became defacto rulers of Florence |
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Member of the Medici family that spent vast sums of money collecting and copying various ancient manuscripts
Established a school called "The Academy" where Plato studied |
Cosimo de Medici
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Personal friend and sponsor of Michaelangelo who lived in his home
Rebuilt University of Pisa Under his rule Florence became the dominant commercial and military power |
Lorenzo de Medici
also known as Lorenzo the Great |
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Supposedly read every book in Italy
Wrote a set of 900 theses(truth) covering what he believed was the entire spectrum of human learning, and welcomed anyone who wanted to debate Wrote Oration on the Dignity of Man (strong humanistic work) |
Pico della Mirandola
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Forced to make military and commercial concession to king of France
During his reign the medici's forced out of the city Savonarola came into play during his rule and declared the french were being used by God as an instrument for cleansing |
Piero II
probably won't be asked about him, but i thought i would throw it in |
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What is the Bonfire of the Vanities?
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Squads of Savonarola's supporters roamed the city looking for "elements of evil" and gathered them into the square where they were burned. (some artists like botticelli submitted their artworks for destruction)
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Dominican Friar who decried money and power...responible in part for the medici's being ousted
gained power in lower class Ultimately excommunicated and hung(lost pope's support) |
Savonarola
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Won the competition and told to make the new bapistery doors
Also commission to do the eastern doors of the baptistery with which michelangelo called "the gates of paradise" Lost competition to build the dome on the cathedral |
Ghiberti
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Lost the competition to do the doors at the baptisery of Saint John
Ingenious construction of the dome, using an inner smaller dome to support the larger outer dome. Technique has been copied in such buildings like St. Peter's in Rome, U.S. Capitol Built lifting device to get cargo off ships to which he was assigned the first patent |
Brunelleschi
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what is different in renaissance art
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realism, perspective, classical(pagan) themes, geometric arrangement of figures, light and shadowing(chiaroscuro), softening of edges(sfumato), backgrounds, atists able to live from commissions
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Painted The Exuplsion from Paradise
Painted- The Tribure Money - shows three parts of the story in one fresco Linear perspective shown in The Holy Trinity gave painting realism |
Masaccio
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Sculpted St. George (could be a replica of Roman statue, classical pose severe look)
Sculpted David slaying goliath...greater originality that St. George. pagan feel, not religous (first nude sculpture since Roman times, almost 1,000 years earlier) Sculpted Mary Magdalene(tribute to emotion being used in art) |
Donatello
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Painted The birth of Venus
- uses triangular arrangements common to renaissance Painted La Primavera -attempt to depict perfect beauty |
Alessandro Botticelli
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What is a Renaissance Man?
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-broad knowledge about many things in different fields
-deep knowledge of skill in one area -able to link areas and create new knowledge |
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Wrote- The Prince (while in exile to get back in good standing with the medici family) handbook on how to be a good prince
could over hear proceedings of elected people's representatives and report to the council and keep power in the hands of a select few |
Machiavelli
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Where did Machiavelli get his ideas?
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Cesare Borgia
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Summary of a prince's duties
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- maintain stability
- minimize change - use virtue as required - be good or not depending on the situation - be liberal or stingy as required for the moment - be loved and feared, but favor being feared - know when to keep a promise - appear to have good qualities - hold to right when possible but do wrong when required - realize that the end will justify the means |
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Was THE renaissance man
possibly the first artist to create works of art without sponsorship and then offer them for sale painted madonna on the rocks painted The Last Supper (vanishing point is on christ's head) pioneered technique called sfumato(smoky) smooth the outlines of elements in the paining to heighten their three-dimensionality and to give them a sensuous softness. (used in The Mona Lisa) |
Leonardo da Vinci
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Commissioned to to Pieta (mary holding jesus) still held to be the greatest pieta ever done
Sculpted David Sculpted Moses with horns Painted the Sistine Chapel in 4 years Painted Last Judgement in sistine chapel as well in 7 years Greatest Renaissance artist |
Michealangelo
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Painted School of Athens
(ultimate example of renaissance painting techniques-realism, perspective, geometric arrangement, chiaroscuro, and a classical setting) Was the Architect for St. Peter's Cathederal when the original architect Bramante died |
Raphael
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Attended the Venetian school and the most promonent painter from the school
Painted Bacchus and Ariadne- use of vibrant colors and dynamica and dramatica movement as well as sensuality |
Titian
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Most important composer of the 1400's
important change was secularization of motet first to take secular music and turn it into religious ie: L'homme arme (the man in armor) |
Guillaume Dufay
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most importatn renaissance composer
Most famous work Mass in Honor of Pope Marcellus credited with saving polyphony |
Giovanni Palestrina
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Define Reformation
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-Emphasis on Humanism
-Recognition that the Catholic church needed to change -Period of change in religious thinking - protestant seperation -creation of non-catholic christian churches |
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Define the following ways in which the church got money
1. Indulgences 2. Simony 3. Dispensations |
1.paying to diminish time in purgatory through forgiveness of sins, sometimes even before sins were committed
2. Selling of church positions 3. selling of papal exceptions to normal church rules such as ending marriages, marrying someone closer than the laws of sanguity would allow, taking a position in the church before proper age, and holding of multiple church positions that conflicted in time and location |
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Translated the bible into English and thought the bible should be read by all
Had 12 reforms of the catholic church like worshiping "dumb wooden idols", transubstantiation, and priest celibacy body was exhumed 40 years after his death and his bones were burned(ordered by the pope) |
John Wycliffe
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supporter of Wycliffe's views, although lived a generation later
criticized church in particular denied papal infallibility Was protected by th Holy Roman emperor, when he died he was sent to trial against the church and burned at the stake |
Jan Hus of Bohemia
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1517 posted 95 theses
translated the bible into german thought the epistl of james was merely and "epistle of straw" Religious implications -pope did not speak for god - church and priesthood no necessary for salvation - God's grace given to all who seek it(very protestant) Political consequences -peasant war -northern europe became protestant |
Martin Luther
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This group was formed to counter the reformation
Called the Society of Jesus founded by ignacio loyola members were dedicated priests and were suppose to strengthen the church by being both intellectual and moral warriors accompanied explorers to ensure natives were converted to catholicism |
Jesuits
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Started a protestant revolt in Zurich
Sepertated from mainstream protestants and called themselves Anabaptists(Amish stem from this group) Thought bible should be taken literally and if it was not in the bible it should not be done (was against indulgences since it was not done in the bible) |
Zwingli
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Taught that God governs everything and is all powerful
tried to establish the perfect christian society in geneva inwhich 200 elders governed the city thought of predistination (god is all knowing so he knows who will convert before they convert) |
John Calvin
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what is St. Bartholomew's day massacre
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Catherine de Medici after dominating the rule of 3 of her sons.
when Henry Navarre, the chosen successor to her youngest son Henry III, was to be married she felt the Huguenots or potestant leaders were becoming to powerful and ordered them ambushed and murdered |
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what is the Edict of Nantes
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Henry of Navarre became Henry IV and converted to catholicism due to pressure, yet instated the Edict to allow for religious acceptance and tolerance
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King Henry VII's chief counselor
wrote Utopia |
More
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Killed off many protestants and gained the name Bloody Mary
Married Phillip II a spaniard |
Mary I
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