Mfg 201 Exam 1

Front 1

Thespis

Back 1

first developed greek tragedy
playwriter
reason why actors called thespians
introduce an actor separate from the chorus

Front 2

Aeschylus

Back 2

playwriter
aware of human weakness wrote of anger and revenge
house of atrea Agememnon

Front 3

Sophocles

Back 3

personal friend of pericles
a constant winner in festival of dianysius.
protagonists(main character)has a tragic flaw "sophoclean hero"
Oedipus Rex and Antigone

Front 4

Euripides

Back 4

play writer in Classical Greek era
Medea greatest contribution

Front 5

Aristophanes

Back 5

playwright wrote comedies

Front 6

Herodotus

Back 6

founders of history
told the story of the greek victory over the persians

Front 7

Thucydides

Back 7

great historian in classical greece.
told the story of peloponnesian wars

Front 8

medicine

Back 8

rationalists=applied medicine to the science
empiricists=only visible symptoms and causes should be considered
methodists=body as a system, sickness occured when system not right

Front 9

Hippocrates

Back 9

based his practices off of all of the three approaches
purposed a code of behaviors the hippocratic oath

Front 10

define creativity

Back 10

a way of thinking and doing that brings original and unexpected ideas to fruition

Front 11

vine creativity

Back 11

valuable-of worth to society
intentional-deliberate effort
novel-new original
excellent-make it the best

Front 12

fluency

flexibility

Back 12

logic- based on original concept

analogy-not based on original concept

Front 13

right side brain


left side brain

Back 13

R present, recieves data, parallel processor, intuitive
L past and future, organizes data, serial processor, rational

Front 14

lateral creativity

Back 14

intuitive imagination
breadth, innovating, unique, analogies, out of the box, not logic,
FLEXIbiliby
^

Front 15

Liner creativity

Back 15

logic/knowledge
depth, focus, skills, hard work, experience, growth
FLUENCY
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Front 16

litte c creativity
big C creativity

Back 16

useful only to the creator
useful to society, may transform

Front 17

huntergatherers
vs civilization

Back 17

small units, little trade, advancements for a family
cities, long trade, advancements for society

Front 18

F
L
O
W
of creativity

Back 18

food in abundance
labor specialization
Order and organization
Writing system

Front 19

stone age
bronze age
iron age

Back 19

increasing technology came from creativity, bellows to reach higher temps to smelt iron

Front 20

The code of Hammurabi

Back 20

developed by King Hammurabi in 1700 BC
engraved on a 8 ft pillar.
first set of written laws, predates10 commandments by 200 years

Front 21

logograms
syllabaries
alphabet

Back 21

symbol represents an entire word
symbol represents a syllable
symbol represents a sound

Front 22

Rosetta stone

Back 22

3 scripts, 2 languages, 1 message
ancient egyptian, demotic, greek,
discovered in 1799 by Napoleans troops.
Before brittish took from french, made ink copy.

Front 23

Significance of translating the Rosetta stone

Back 23

first translation of an ancient language, intpreting ancient world, opening door 2 history

Front 24

Thomas Young

Back 24

left brain thinker, Englishman, MD,
Translated the Demotic from the Greek in the Rosetta Stone
Published incomplete Egyptian hieroglyph alphabet

Front 25

Jean Francois Champollion

Back 25

right brain thinker, Frenchman, linguist
developed the alphabet for hieroglyphs
recognized some of the hieroglyphs were ideograms(picture of the word), determiners, or made rebuses(beeleaf- belief)

Front 26

earliest river civilizations

Back 26

mesopotamia egypt china india

Front 27

beginning of civilization

Back 27

4000-3500 BC

Front 28

exodus

Back 28

Moses lead the Israelites out of Egypt
received the 10 commandments

Front 29

David (and Goliath

Back 29

rose from humble beginnings to become kind over united Israel
story of Davidea and Goliath is similar to story of David and Achilles
1sam17

Front 30

cuneiform

Back 30

ancient language of mesopotamia
used wedges lettesr in clay tablets which hardened

Front 31

Code of Hammurabi
vs
ten commandments

Back 31

severity of punishment is based on social status

believed 2ahve come from god

Front 32

mesopotamia rivers
egypt
india
china

Back 32

tigris and euphrates
nile
indus and ganges
yellow

Front 33

Sumerians

Back 33

first people to inhabit mesopotomia
invented Ziggurats=temples(tower of babel)
first to develop wheeled vehicles

Front 34

Akkadians/Early Babylonians

Back 34

King Habburabi during this time
Sargon created the first standing army

Front 35

Hittites

Back 35

knew how to smelt iron
in present day turkey

Front 36

Israelites

Back 36

leaders included Saul, David, and Solomon
expanded their kindom 2 include most of present day syria

Front 37

Assyrians

Back 37

Capital was Ninevah where Jonah in the Bible went to preach.
carried off newly conquered and therefore lost the ten tribes

Front 38

Phoenicians/phillistine/sea peoples

Back 38

given credit for inventing glass
given credit for the invention of the color purple
alphabet developed because of their trading

Front 39

Old Kingdom Egypt

Back 39

Golden Age of Egypt
number system based on 10
accurate 12 mo calender
art representational rather than realistic

Front 40

Menes

Back 40

united the Lower and Higher Kingdom of Egypt under the same crown
a tribal ruler during the golden Age of egypt.

Front 41

Middle Kingdom Egypt

Back 41

not a great creative time.
invaded by hyskos, semitic people
time joseph was sold into egypt

Front 42

New kingdom Egypt

Back 42

Great temple at Thebes built
Valley of the kings and Valley of the Queens constructed

Front 43

Amenhotop

Back 43

Worshiped the god of the son Aton
changed his name to akhenaton and named a city after this new name

Front 44

Hatsheput

Back 44

married to a pharoah who died and she became pharoah and dressed in mens clothes
Murdered by her son but her name still stands in a tomb. she lives

Front 45

Ramses II

Back 45

pharaoh in power associated with moses and the exodus
tended to overexaggerate his battles when they were really just a draw

Front 46

3 things important to egyptians

Back 46

belief in the afterworld
ressurrection
final judgement

Front 47

Late Period egypt

Back 47

priests gained at least as much power as the pharaohs at this time
series of foreign occupations

Front 48

Dravidians

Back 48

earliest known inhabitants/civilization of modern-day India
peaceful people, unprepared for Aryan invasion around 1500 B.C.

Front 49

Aryans

Back 49

Indo-European tribes that invaded Dravidian empire around 1500 B.C.
War-like; developed the "caste" system
Their language, sanskrit, became the dominant language of India

Front 50

Hinduism

Back 50

Dominant religion of India, origin in Aryan faith
Claims to be oldest religion
4 essential beliefs: karma, reincarnation, all-pervasive divinity, Dharma(moral code

Front 51

asceticism

Back 51

self-denial of earthly pleasures

Front 52

Buddhism

Back 52

-grew out of the enlightenment gained by Guatama Siddhartha
-based on the fundamental principle that people should seek the Middle Way

Front 53

Xia Dynasty

Back 53

-earliest dynasty in China (2200-1700 BC)
-made some lasting contributions to chinese culture: domestication & use of horse, bronze weapons & tools, expansion of territory

Front 54

Shang Dynasty

Back 54

-best known for its development of the Chinese writing system
-creative developments: horse-drawn chariot, improved bronze wepaons
(1700-1000 BC)

Front 55

Zhou or Chu dynasty

Back 55

(770-221 BC)
-created a strong feeling of divine destiny for China
-emperors enunciated the concept of the Mandate of Heaven
-period of the warring states
-two of the most important thinkers in Chinese history in this time period: Confucius and Lao Tzu

Front 56

Confucius

Back 56

Anglicanized rendition of Kung Fu-Tzu
-lived from551 to 479 BC
-devised a system of good government founded on honesty, dependability, hard work & loyalty
-5 critical relationships: ruler to subject, father to son, husband to wife, older brother to younger brother, and friend to friend
"old MAster"

Front 57

Lao Tzu

Back 57

-taught a small group of disciples who wrote his teachings in Tao Te Ching, translated as The Way
-his teachings include Nature as a great teacher and concept of Yin and Yang (two contrasting natures in people & all things)

Front 58

Qin or Ch'in Dynasty (221-210 BC)

Back 58

(221-210 BC)
word "China" derived from this name
-united entire region for the first time
-Silk Road established
-Great Wall of China built
-terracotta warriors

Front 59

Han dynasty (206 BC-220 AD)

Back 59

-ethnic group to which over 90% of the Chinese belong
-chiefly known for its military prowess
-paper was invented

Front 60

Tao Te Ching

Back 60

written by Lao Tzu
basis of the philiosophy of Taoism
-major component of Eastern thought
-set of ethical principles people should live by

Front 61

Buddha

Back 61

Gautama Siddhartha
-raised never to see pain or experience displeasure
-one day saw an old man, a sick man, and a corpse
-learned life has pain, but can be overcome religiously
-achieved “Nirvana” and became the Buddha (the enlightened one)

Front 62

The First Sermon

Back 62

sermon Buddha gave that founded Buddhism
-reveals the Four Noble Truths
suffering, cause of suffering, end of suffering, path leading to end of suffering
reveals the Noble Eightfold Path that leads to cessation of suffering
right view, right arm, right speech, right action, right living, right effort, right mindfulness, right concentration

Front 63

indias great inventions

Back 63

ZERO

Front 64

Greece info

Back 64

Geographically small, thinly populated, bickering city-states made Greece fairly unnoticed to greater empires.
No major rivers, insufficient fertile soil and rainfall.
A new system of support was developed; its basis was trade, which Greece survived on since it appeared on the stage of the world.

Front 65

Minoans

Back 65

Original inhabitants of CreteFrescoes (wall paintings) depicted nature and Minoan life – Art just for the sake of art
Minoan culture suddenly ceased to exist (around 1400 BC, probably due to the eruption of the island Thera

Front 66

Mycenaeans

Back 66

The first mainland Greeks
Went to war with the city of Troy (Trojan War) probably to gain control over trade routes into the Black Sea. Legend says the war began with a dispute of the goddesses who was the most beautiful and was about love

Front 67

Dorians

Back 67

Barbarians from Europe with iron weapons
Defeated the Mycenaeans

Front 68

City-State

Back 68

After Mycenaeans were destroyed each dominant city began governing itself = city-state
Government on local level helped not having to govern a large country, first concept of democracy

Front 69

Sparta

Back 69

Most important and warlike city-state with extreme military focus
Boys/men from age 7-60 are in the military

Front 70

Mental Block

Back 70

Thats not logical
looking for the right answer

Front 71

aesops

Back 71

* Greek slave in 6th Century BC. (prior to the Golden Age)
* devoted his life to the study of ethics and morals.
* His works are being used to this day in cartoons and stories for children

Front 72

aesops fables

Back 72

dog in the manger
cicadia and the fox
tortoise and the hare
dog and his meat in the river

Front 73

Fragments

Back 73

the champion of the Atomists
wrote fragments

Front 74

The illiad

Back 74

Written by a blind poet named Homer
-The book helped define ethics and values; it became a foundation for Greek culture
-Takes place during Trojan War
-“Larger than life” style of epic poetry
-Plot deals with mortals and numerous Gods

Front 75

Hesiod:

Back 75

# Principal work was Theogony, which traces the descent of the gods.
# Wrote the book Work and Days

Front 76

Thales:

Back 76

Considered to be first philosopher and scientist.
First to suggest the world was not a plaything of the Gods
"All events, even extraordinary ones, can be explained in natural terms that can be understood by all humans."

Front 77

Pythagoras:

Back 77

* Inventor of Mathematics. Developed a system for expressing equations such as 2+2=4
* Discovered Pythagorean Theorem.
* May have discovered Golden Rectangle and Golden Triangle

Front 78

Anaximander:

Back 78

* Fire was the fundamental element
* Student of Thales

Front 79

Heraclitus:

Back 79

* Change was the fundamental concept uderlying everything.
* "No one can ever step into the same river twice"

Front 80

Xeno:

Back 80

Go half way before we can go the entire distance.
Any movement was impossible was called Xeno's dilemma

Front 81

Democritus

Back 81

# Solved Xeno's dilemma.
# As we examine matter at an ever smaller focus we will eventually reach a point where we encounter a particle of matter that cannot be divided further.

Front 82

Draco:

Back 82

* Agreed to write and post laws of the city-state so everyone could see them, laws were viewed as very harsh.
* Established rule of law.

Front 83

Solon

Back 83

# Father of Democracy
# Proposed new system in which four classes of citizens were recognized.

Front 84

Persian Wars

Back 84

Greece was outnumbered and had inferior technology and strategy, about to face the best army in the world,led by the mighty King DariusAgainst all odds Greeks were victorious at the battle of MarathonVictory against Persians was almost incomprehensible, it renewed confidence paving the way from the Dark Age marking the dawn of the Golden age

Front 85

Thespis -

Back 85

# Created the genre of tragedy
# Introduced an actor separate from the chorus

Front 86

Aeschylus -

Back 86

* Introduced the effective use of two actors
* He wrote the famous Oresteia, the only complete trilogy of the Trojan war

Front 87

Sophocles -

Back 87

# Credited with adding a third speaking actors
# First explored the "tragic flaw" or critical defects in heroes, aka, Sophoclean Hero
# Wrote Antigone and Oedipus Rex

Front 88

Euripedes -

Back 88

* Wrote Medea - Jason and Medea fall in love, golden fleece, etc
* Introduced the new idea that strong protagonists can overcome obstacles

Front 89

Herodotus -

Back 89

* First to give a detailed history of the the Greek victory over the Persians, blaming their loss on their hubris
* The first to travel widely and interview important people to gather facts for history

Front 90

Pericles -

Back 90

* Commissioned the building of the Acropolis (Parthenon, etc)
* Gave a famous funeral oration about the uniqueness of Athens' Democracy

Front 91

Thucydides -

Back 91

# Considered to be the first Objective historian
# Reported important events such as Pericles funeral address

Front 92

Hippocrates -

Back 92

* First to teach that natural explanations should be sought for magical phenomena, that it was not magic nor gods
He based his diagnosis on observation.
* His code of ethics, the Hippocratic Oath, is still recited today at medical graduations today

Front 93

Aristophones

Back 93

* Wrote Comedies that poked fun of the other great playwrights
His works, The birds and Lysistrata, show his resentment of warfare

Front 94

Peloponnesian War -

Back 94

* The war between Sparta and the Delian league (Athenian Empire)
* The Athenians (Delian League) lost but still maintained great creativity in their Golden Age

Front 95

Philosopher

Back 95

“Lover of Wisdom”

Front 96

Socrates

Back 96

“The Noblest Man Who Ever Lived”
Was put on trial for a number of crimes. Would have been given a lighter sentence if defended himself. He had to drink poison.
Became a stonesman himself.

Front 97

Plato

Back 97

Socrates chief student
Established his school and named it the Academy
Form- Fundamental reality

Front 98

Aristotle

Back 98

Started a school called the Lyceum
disagreement with plato was their opinion on the ultimate nature of things consisted of their matter, and their form.

Front 99

ethos
pagos
logos

Back 99

the power of persuasion created by the character of the speaker
the power of persuasion created by the passion of the speaker.
the power of persuasion contained within the speech itself.

Front 100

aristotle scientific method 4 questions

Back 100

Scientific Method- The true nature of things could be extrapolated from sensory observations in the everyday world, and therefore could be understood by what we call, the scientific method

· 4 critical questions – Material question: What is it made of? Efficient question: What caused it? Formal question: What is its essence? Last one: What is its purpose?

· Matter is composed of 4 elements- fire, air, water, earth

Front 101

"apology"

Back 101

Plato retells Socrates' defense of the philosopher's lifestyle spoken in front of the jury accusing him (Socrates) of corrupting the youth of Athens.

Front 102

"The Republic"

Back 102

Plato
Cave Allegory
They assume the light of the real world ruined his eyes, and they decide it must be better to stay inside the cave.

Front 103

"Timaeus"

Back 103

Plato
Forms, or ideas of essential concepts, are perfect and unchanging. Real objects are based on forms, but cannot match their perfection because physical matter is imperfect.

Front 104

"Phaedo"

Back 104

platos account of the last hours of socrates life
socrates was not phased

Front 105

- Poetics -

Back 105

aristotle
Contains guidelines for the type of people the hero and other characters in a tragedy should be

Front 106

Hellenism/Hellenistic Period

Back 106

Time between fall of the Golden Age of Greece and the establishment on the Roman Empire
Based on classical Greek culture but different: Locations spread from Persia to Egypt, differences emerged from the mingling of Greek culture and the World

Front 107

Phillip II

Back 107

Loved all things Greek, even hired Aristotle as his son Alexander’s tutor

· United various Greek city states into a single political entity by warfare and diplomacy

Front 108

Alexander

Back 108

Represented the ideal qualities of the ‘perfect’ Greek; handsome, well educated, respected military leader, athletic

· Achieved his dreams because of creativity in leadership, including his defeat of the entire Persian army by a frantic attack that made the Persians leader Darius flee running

Front 109

Hellenistic Art and Architecture

Back 109

An evolution of a classical period into a more realistic period, exampled by the sculptures Victory at Samothraces and Laocoon and His Sons

· A competition between Pergamum and Alexandria lead to the scholars in Pergamum creating parchment

Front 110

Euclid

Back 110

Father of geometry, wrote Elements of Geometry

o Basic assumptions: parallel lines do not cross, 2 non parallel lines cross at only one point

Front 111

Archimedes

Back 111

Newton said that Archimedes principles were his starting points

o Developed Scientific notation and the Buoyancy principle- Eureka!

Front 112

Epicurus

Back 112

taught lifestyle based on empiricism (science) and the pursuit of happiness through a search for pleasure (avoidance of pain)
avoided politics and other interactions with the world
Golden Maxim and The atoms

Front 113

Epictetus

Back 113

a champion of Stoicism (the other school of philosophy), born a slave, devoted his life to teaching Stoic curriculum of logic, physics, and ethics
Stoics taught world was guided by purpose and that happiness could be found by alignment with that purpose.

Front 114

Diogenes

Back 114

* a leader of the Skeptics and Cynics
* dismissed Alexander the Great because he was concerned with sunning himself

Front 115

Peripatetics

Back 115

# followers of Aristotle "those who wander around"--wandering around the world seeking knowledge [and b/c Aristotle wandered when teaching at Lyceum
# scientific thinking

Front 116

Hedonism

Back 116

* a corruption of Epicurean beliefs
* comparable to today's Atheists

Front 117

followers of plato

Back 117

pcssc
cynics/skeptics
stoics
christians

Front 118

followers of aristotole

Back 118

apeh/a
peripatetics
epicurieans
hedonism/atheists