Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
151 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Hornbostel-Sachs Music Instrument Classification |
Chordophone Aerophone Idiophone Membranophone Electrophone |
|
|
Ethnology |
characteristics of various peoples and the differences and relationships between them.
|
|
|
Ethnography |
the scientific description of the customs of individual peoples and cultures.
|
|
|
ethno/musicology |
study of people's music, people, and music |
|
|
Primitive Vs. Evolved Music |
Don't do it
|
|
|
Music Identity (7) |
1.) age 2.) Gender 3.) ethnicity 4.) religion 5.) politics 6.) occupation 7.) social class |
|
|
Mediated Music |
Music separated by time and space (media) |
|
|
Music as Commodity |
Music for listening consumption |
|
|
Tri-cultural heritage |
Cultural influences in Latin America
Indigenous + African + Europpean |
|
|
Caribbean indigenous people |
Caribs |
|
|
Criollo |
European people born in Americas |
|
|
Mestizo |
a person of combined European and Amerindian/indigenous descent |
|
|
Latin America |
Refers to the lower Americas Not all inhabitants of this region are Latin descendants (Africans and Indigenous) |
|
|
Cuba |
Discovered by Columbus in 1942 Castro Socialist Society (Marxist) Largest of the Caribbean Islands |
|
|
Cuban Revolution |
1959 led by Fidel Castro |
|
|
Cabildos |
Mutual Aid societies AKA Copradia and Hermandades |
|
|
Africans brought to Cuba |
Yoruba Ewe and Fon Carabali |
|
|
Name the two secret societies |
Ewe and Fon = Arara Carabali = Abakua |
|
|
Cabildo religion |
Santeria AKA Regle do Ocha |
|
|
Santeria deities |
Orishas (matched with the saints) |
|
|
Bata |
Membranophone most important instrument to Cuban mutual aid societies |
|
|
Indigenous people to Cuba |
Arawak/Tainos Little known about them |
|
|
Castro |
reigned for 49 years |
|
|
Cuban musical influences |
Italy and Spain --> opera |
|
|
Contradanza |
lead to habanera Bizet's Carmen |
|
|
Cuban Genres |
Rumba Son Chancion Danzon |
|
|
Rumba |
123 12 or (3/4 + 2/6) rhythm Tumbadoras (claves) |
|
|
Son |
Single guitar + voice came from contradanse most important to Cuba |
|
|
Chancion |
Clave habanera |
|
|
Danzon |
large orchestras danzon no. 2 intended for higher class contradanzes --> Habanara --> Danzon |
|
|
Nationalism |
Idea of pride in Nation |
|
|
Dominican Republic |
Originally called Hispaniola by Columbus in 1492 Shares the island with Haiti |
|
|
Credes |
People from Europe to lower Americas |
|
|
El Jefe |
Rafael Trujillo "Merengue is my jam so now it's yo' jam!" bloody tyrant but supported the arts |
|
|
Merengue Tipico |
Hohner Accordian Tambura drum Metal Guira jazz added after El Jefe fell |
|
|
Perico ripiao |
Another name for Merengue |
|
|
Johnny Ventura |
arranger who arranged merengue for broader audiences after El Jefe fell |
|
|
Merengue Instruments |
Tambura Guiro Accordian Later: Jazz instruments (sax and bass) congas |
|
|
Mexican indigenous people |
Aztecs/Mayans Most known indigenous groups of Latin America |
|
|
Mexican Periods |
1.) Pre-encounter era 2.) Colonial Era 3.) Independence period 4.) 20th Century |
|
|
Pre-Encounter Era |
Huehuetl (membranophone) Teponaztil (idiophone) |
|
|
Colonial Era |
-Religion was key! -Hernando Franco adapted popular Europpean music for locals -church music in Nudnatl language |
|
|
Independence Era |
-1910 Transition of religion to music -Music negotiating between Europe traditions and local influences -National identity |
|
|
20th Century |
-Silvestre Revueltes and CArlos Chavez = symphonic composers 1930 --> mass media --> stereotypes |
|
|
Son Jarocho |
From Vera Cruz Jaran (chordophone) Harp Requinto |
|
|
Son Haustico |
N. Vera Cruz Violin Voice Falsetto Quinta |
|
|
Mariarchi |
violins guitar vihaela guitarron Later Trumpet West Mexico |
|
|
Bajo Sexto |
Mexican chordophone 12 strings in 6 double courses |
|
|
Corridos |
Espionage after the revolution Snare drums Accordian Baja Sexto Bass Guitar Issue driven music |
|
|
Egypt |
Center of the Eastern world Arabic, French, English Muslim, Coptic Christians |
|
|
Azan |
The Call for Prayer 5 times/day Not a form of music, it's a form of prayer |
|
|
Imam |
Head Mosques-graduated from a religious college |
|
|
Muquin sha'a'ir |
Second in command high certificate in religitious studies |
|
|
Muezzin |
third in command have beautiful voice and half of quaran memorized |
|
|
Thawab/Sawab |
Good deeds help you go to heaven |
|
|
Maquamat |
Scales - system of melodic modes |
|
|
maqam |
singular: mode or scale |
|
|
Maquam hijaz |
tone between notes (like slurring) |
|
|
aerophones |
mijwiz nay mizmar |
|
|
Egyptian chordophones |
ud buzuq - only instrument with frets qanun violin cello |
|
|
Egyptian Membranophones |
daff riqq tabla/dumbek |
|
|
buzuq |
only instrument with frets they are movable |
|
|
taqasim |
improv solo/intro before the ensemble plays |
|
|
iqu'at |
organization of rhythm in system of rhythmic modes tak and dum |
|
|
Maqsum |
DT - TD - T - Most popular |
|
|
Saidi |
DT - DD - T - |
|
|
Masmudi |
DD - TD - T - |
|
|
Umm Kulthum |
From poor city and moved into the city Poor people's idol |
|
|
Ughniya |
Long song formed from tagtuqa |
|
|
muqaddima |
a new and different introduction before the main verse |
|
|
taqtuq |
single melody and verses |
|
|
tarab |
enthusiasm shared by her fans |
|
|
Mu'azzin |
the person that conducts the call to prayer |
|
|
Egyptian Pop Music |
Sha'bi Shababi |
|
|
Sha'bi |
Fast food music Pop for lower class ordinary street music |
|
|
Shababi |
Shababi baby (young people's music) romantic middle class |
|
|
Hakim |
The Lion Modern Egyptian music No Ud or Quanun |
|
|
African Regions (5) |
North South East West Central |
|
|
Misconceptions about Africa |
It's a large continent
NOT A COUNTRY :P It has several countries, cannot be generalized because it has so many cultures in any given area |
|
|
Yoruba Pop Music |
|
|
|
Yoruba |
1700s earliest mention dundun bata |
|
|
Yoruba Highlife |
Ballroom dances 1950s in Ghana Declines in 1960s (Nigerion Civil War) |
|
|
Juju |
juju tambourine trio = band leader (sings and banjo), sakere, juju players 1940 --> electrophones add more percussion that won't drown out guitar now 3 sections: singers, percussionists, and guitarist |
|
|
King Sunny Ade |
Juju artist Wizard of guitar |
|
|
Fela Kuti |
Afro Beat studied trumpet in London Black Rights activisim from America influenced him music as a weapon audience = urban youth |
|
|
Tanzania |
German, Arab, and British Colonies Largest country in East Africa Swahili and Buntu |
|
|
Areas of Musical Style |
8 of them |
|
|
Tanzanian Membranophones |
Uganda Drum Haya drum Iduffu (daf) |
|
|
Tanzanian Idiophones |
Untuned shakers rattles bells scrapers Tuned: marimba mbira xylophone |
|
|
Tanzanian xylophone |
Balafan |
|
|
Tanzanian Music Forms |
Beni Ng'oma (clubhouses) Christian Music Training Centers Jazz Taarab |
|
|
Taarab |
Mainly from Zanzibar Egyptian Cafe music to Swahili love poetry |
|
|
Taarab instruments |
Trapezoidal zither accordian lute flute orchestras Percussion` |
|
|
Mbira Music |
Shona People |
|
|
Shona People |
Bantu speakers agrarian people music = big in their culture |
|
|
Mbira names |
finger piano thumb piano sanzhi likembe kalimba mbira |
|
|
Mbira elements |
sounboard keys buzzing device amplifier (can be gourds) |
|
|
Mbira chords |
Women, young men, men choir |
|
|
Congo |
Dominated by Rumba in WWII era Lingala |
|
|
Zaiko Langa Langa Stukos |
Two popular congo bands from the 70's to 90's |
|
|
Congolese Popular Music |
Rumba |
|
|
Miriam Makeba |
South African Singer "Mama Africa" Xhosa and Zulu songs to Western culture |
|
|
Franco Luambo |
"sorcerer of guitar" Master of Rumba Ok Jazz = his band one of the originators of Rumba |
|
|
Congolese Jazz |
1950s |
|
|
Soukous |
Popular dance from the 60s one of the other names applied to congo music Merengue + rumba |
|
|
China |
Most populated in the East |
|
|
Jiangnan |
Means "silk and bamboo" and references the instuments small chamber ensemble |
|
|
Chinese aerophones |
Dizi Xiao Sheng |
|
|
Chinese Chordophones |
Erhu Pipa Quin Guzhung |
|
|
Sheng |
"Mouth Organ" |
|
|
Erhu |
2 strings |
|
|
Tea House Music |
2 dozen songs played Pieces played by novices then experts and they learn through mimicking |
|
|
Chinese Contemporary music |
1989 student protest in Tianman square Country in the 1980s 1920s liuxing gequ |
|
|
Liuxing gequ |
inspired by jazz, broadway and hollywood |
|
|
Peking Opera |
Best known Chinese form of opera Known for its virtuosic singing and romantic scenes |
|
|
Jing Ju |
"Capital Opera" Peking Opera |
|
|
Japan |
Japan is heavy on cultural syncretism |
|
|
What is taught to Japanese students? |
Shakuhachi and Shamisen |
|
|
What is the result of Western Influence on Japanese music? |
Western music makes the young Japanese more appreciative of their own traditional music |
|
|
Japanese Pitch and Scale |
Divides octave in 12 tones unpitched sounds inspired by nature |
|
|
Jo-ha-kyu |
"Intro"-"breaking apart"-"rushing" Most common musical form in Japan |
|
|
3 characteristics to Japanese Music |
1.) Variety of timbres 2.) Heterophonic treatment of voices 3.) Flexible pulse |
|
|
Shakuhachi |
aerophone Shaku = unit of measurement (30 CM) Hachi = 8 |
|
|
Ma |
Japanese concept of "space" or "interval" embracing the idea that sound enhances silence and vice versa |
|
|
Koto |
Chorodophone inspired by Chinese Ghuzheng each string has its own movable bridge |
|
|
Kouta |
Japanese genre of music 1-3 minute song played mostly by women Shamisen |
|
|
Shamisen |
Chordophone (lute)/membranophone unfretted neck --> unpitched sounds metal strings |
|
|
Gagaku |
elegant court music |
|
|
Bollywood |
From Bombay --> Bollywood now Mumbai Many consider "Bollywood" too derivative of Hollywood when it is much more its own thing now |
|
|
Staples of Bollywood |
many people dancing 3 hour long melodrama |
|
|
Lata Mangshkar |
The singer who provided the Bollywood vocal aesthetic we associate with today 5 songs/day from the 50s to 60s high pitched/thin voice --> now |
|
|
Kazhakstan |
Central Asia Turkic speaking people Heavy influence from Soviet Union |
|
|
Kazakhstan musicians |
Women = folklore soloists Men = Professional musicians with instruments |
|
|
3 social and artistic instrumentation in Kazhakstan |
folksong (anshilik) Improv Compositions Storytelling |
|
|
Anshilik |
Kazhakstan folksong |
|
|
Kazhakstan Instruments |
Dombra Kobyz Sybyzgy |
|
|
Dombra |
usually 2 strings plucked Kazhakstan chordophone 2 types: pear shaped vs trapezoidal shaped (both were used to accompany songs) |
|
|
Kobyz |
2 stringed chordophone
Music is linked to epic tradition, mythology, shamanism replicates the human voice |
|
|
Tengrianism |
Religion of Kazhakstan shamanism, animism, totemism |
|
|
kyui |
Kazakhstand concept of mood or form of mood |
|
|
Bhangra |
South Asia in Punjab (India) popular music fused with Western Bhangra |
|
|
What are Bhangra's origins |
Punjab Harvest Festival |
|
|
Dhol |
Main drum in Bhangra |
|
|
Tumbi |
1 metal string membrane + string similar to Erhu Heard in Highrider |
|
|
Bali |
Denpasar is the capital |
|
|
Suka Duka |
sad together happy together
|
|
|
Pokok
|
slow moving melodic foundation in Bali music |
|
|
Jegogan/Jublag |
idiophone in Bali introduces the melody and pokok |
|
|
Kotekan |
Interlocking parts played by Reyong and Gangsa |
|
|
Gangsa |
Idiophone in Bali handheld like a gong |
|
|
Reyong |
Series of gongs |
