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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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WIND COMPONENTS:
u=dx/dt=Re*cos(φ)*(dλ/dt) is what? (+,-,N,S,E,W etc) v=dy/dt=Re*dφ/dt is what? A vertical, positive upward wind component is equal to what? |
u is zonal and westerly positive
v is meridional and southerly positive vertical positive wind components are w, which =dz/dt=dr/dt |
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Z=(Φ−Φ.)/g. is called what?
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Geopotential height
(Φ.)=geopotential at mean sea level |
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What is ω=dp/dt (hPa/day)
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It is, and it has opposite sign to w, since p decreases as Z increases
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Streamlines are ___________
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lines oriented parallel to velocity vectors everywhere
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WIND COMP (contd):
V=|V|=ds/dt and dn/dt=0 what is n and s, and also define ψ. |
n=normal to streamline, positive to left
s=arclength along streamline, positive downstream ψ=direction, relative to a reference vector |
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How many kinematic properties can you name? (Hint: there are 7)
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shear, curvature, diffluence, stretching, vorticity, divergence, deformation
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Gimme shear! (defn.)
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change in velocity transverse to flow
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The downstream change in direction is known as...
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curvature
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Diffluence is...
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downstream spreading of streamlines
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What is stretching?
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downstream change in speed of flow
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shear + curvature=_____
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vorticity
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What is divergence?
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diffluence + stretching
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confluence + stretching=_____
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deformation
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Curvature:
Cyclonic is +/-, and same/opposite sense as Earth's rotation. Anticyclonic is +/-, and same/opposite sense as Earth's rotation. |
Cyclonic--> +, same
Anti--> -, opposite |
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Deformation is given as
D=sqrt((∂u/∂x-∂v/∂y)^2+(∂u/∂y+∂v/∂x)^2). What is it an important component for? (Hint: 6) |
frontogenesis and
frontolysis, clear-air turbulence, lift, cloud formation and precipitation |
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Eulerian, ∂/∂t is______
Lagrangian d/dt (ZZ top!)is___ |
at a fixed point
following the flow |
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Advection terms come in the form_________
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+/-(u*∂/∂x+v*∂/∂y+w*∂/∂z)
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When ∂ψ/∂t is multiplied to advection, it can be simplified into....
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∂ψ/∂t=-V*(grad)ψ, which is the flow in vector notation
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Some properties of streamline are_____ ______ _______
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~parallel to wind vectors
~instantaneous ~is horizontal projection at constant height/pressure |
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Can streamlines equal trajectories?
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Only if there is no change in height, pressure field, or vertical motion
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Circular velocity of a parcel is =Ω*Ra+u. With acceleration=V^2/r, what is the apparent atmospheric force per unit mass? What does each term represent?
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∑F/m=Ω^2*R+2Ωu+u^2/R
first two terms are directed outward (centrifugal, coriolis respectively) L13:P10:S2 |
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The Coriolis Force works in a plane parallel to the axis of rotation, at right angles to the motion (according to
right right-hand rule. T or F? |
False-->perpendicular
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Motion away from axis (R is +/-, equator/poleward)
induces counter-rotation (west/eastward) acceleration |
+, equator, west
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Motion toward axis(R is +/-, equator/poleward)
induces acceleration in the (east/west) direction |
-, pole, east
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For both zonal and meridional flow, displacement is....(from above)
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right in N Hemisphere
left in S |
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Because coriolis is perpendicular to direction of motion, and in a plane
perpendicular to axis of rotation it thus has both horizontal and vertical components. T or F? |
True
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For horizontal motions, Coriolis is greatest/smallest at the poles, and ____ at the equator.
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greatest
zero |
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SPHERICAL COORD.:
Zonal horizontal and vertical components are equal to___? |
x: 2Ωu sin φ
y: 2Ωu cos φ |
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SPHERICAL COORD. (contd):
Meridional velocities in parallel and perpendicular directions equal what? |
||= v cos φ
+= v sin φ |
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Coriolis "force" =?
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C = -(f k)*V
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