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20 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Direct Cell Counts
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Used to determine total number of cells; can be used for those bacteria that cannot be cultured.
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Direct Microscopic Count
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Rapid, but at least 10^7 cells must be present to be effectively counted. Counts include living and dead cells.
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Direct Cell Count
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Cell-counting instruments
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Coulter counters and flow cytometers count total cells in dilute solutions. Flow cytometers can also be used to count organisms to which fluorescent dyes or tags have been attached.
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Direct Cell Counts
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Viable Cell Counts
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Used to determine the number of viable bacteria in a sample, but only includes those that can grow in given conditions. Requires an incubation period of aprrox. 24 hours or longer. Selective and differential media can be used to enumerate specific species of bacteria.
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Plate Count
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Time-consuming but technically simple method that does not require sophisticated equipment. Generally used only if the sample has at least 10^2 cells/mL.
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Viable Cell Count
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Membrane Filtration
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Concentrates bacteria by filtration before they are plated; thus can be used to count cells in dilute environments.
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Viable Cell Count
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Most Probable Number
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Statistical estimation of likely cell number; it is not a precise measurement. Can be used to estimate numbers of bacteria in relatively dilute solutions.
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Viable Cell Count
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Measuring Biomass
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Biomass can be correlated to cell number.
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Turbidity
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Very rapid method; used routinely. A one-time correlation with plate counts is required in order to determine cell number.
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Measuring Biomass
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Total Weight
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Tedious and time-consuming; however, it is one of the best methods for measuring the growth of filamentous microorganisms.
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Measuring Biomass
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Chemical constituents
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Use chemical means to determine the amount of a given element, usually nitrogen. Not routinely used.
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Measuring Biomass
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Measuring Cell Products
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Methods are rapid but must be correlated to cell number. Frequently used to detect growth, but not routinely used for quantitation.
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Acid
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Titration can be used to quantify acid production. A pH indicator is often used to detect growth.
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Measuring Cell Products
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Gases
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Carbon dioxide can be detected using a molecule that fluoresces when the medium becomes slightly more acidic. Gases can be trapped in an inverted Durham tube in a tube of broth.
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Measuring Cell Products
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ATP
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Firefly luciferase catalyzes light-emitting reaction when ATP is present.
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Measuring Cell Products
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What are the 4 main types of measuring bacterial growth?
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1. Direct Cell Counts
2. Viable Cell Counts 3. Measuring Biomass 4. Measuring Cell Products |
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What are the two ways of performing Direct Cell Counts?
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1. Direct microscopic counts
2. Cell-counting instruments |
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What are the three ways of performing Viable Cell Counts?
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1. Plate Count
2. Membrane filtration 3. Most Probable Number |
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What are the three ways of measuring biomass?
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1. Turbidity
2. Total Weight 3. Chemical constituents |
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What are the three indicators used to measure cell products?
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1. Acid
2. Gases 3. ATP |
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