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29 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Philosophizing

To think or express oneself in philosophical manner

Phenomenology


Existentialism


Postmodernism


Analytic tradition


Logic and critical thinking


Fallacy

Methods of philosophizing

Edmund Husserl

Who founded phenomenology?

Phenomenology

Method for finding and guaranteeing that focuses on careful inspection and description of phenomena or appearances

Phainómenon meaning appearance

Phenomenology comes from the greek word

Husserl's phenomenology

This phenomenology is the thesis that consciousness is intentional

Phenomenologist

Theu can desribe the content of consciousness and and acoordingly, the object of consciousness without any particular commitment

Read

Existentialism

Not a primarily a philosophocal method nor is it exactly a set of doctrines but more of an outlook or attitude supported by diverse doctrines centered on certain common things

Postmodernism

A way of philosophizing that humanity should come at the truth beyond the reational and non rational elemtns of human nature. Including spiritual.

Logic

Centered in analysis and construction of arguments

Critical thinking

Distinguishing facts and opinions or personal things. Also takes into consideration cultural systems,values, and beliefs and helps us uncover bias and predjudice and be open to new ideas not necesarily in agreement with previous

Analytic tradition/philosophy

The conviction that to some significant degree, philosophical problems, puzzles and errors are rooted in language and can be solved or avoided by a sound understanding of language and careful attention to its workings

Inductive


Deductive

Two basic types of reasoning

Inductive reasonging

Tupe of reasoning based on observations

Deductive reasoning

Reasoning which draws conclusion from usually one broad judgement or definition and one more specific assertion, often an inference

Fallacy

Defect in argument

Appeal to pity


Appeal to ignorance


Equivocation


Composition


Division


Againts the person


Appeal to force


Appeal to th people


False cause


Hasty generalization


Begging the question

Common fallicies

Appeal to pity

An attempt to win a support on argument by exploiting his opponent feelings

Appeal to ignorance

What has not been proven false must be true and vice versa

Equivocation

A logical chain of reasoning of a term or word several times, but giving the word different meaning each time

Composition

Something is true of the whole from the fact that it is true of some part of the whole

Division

Something true of a thing must also be true of all or some of its parts

Againts the person

It links the validity of a premise to the characteristics of a person advocating the premise

Appeal to force

An argument where force, coercion or the threat of.force is given as ajustification for conclusion

Appeal to the people

An argument that appeals peoples vanities, desire of esteem and anchoring on popularity

False cause

Since the event followede by this one, that event must be caused by this one

Hasty generalization

Making an inductive generalization based on insufficient evidence

Begging the question

An argument where the proposition to be proven is assumed impicitly or explicitly in the premise