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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Behavioral Research
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Study & Identify behavior to get people to change it.
- What, How, and When & Why do people do something? - What can alter this? |
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Descriptive vs. Causal Research
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Descriptive - describes behavior being conducted qualitative or quantitatively. Methods = observation, archival data, questionnaires.
Casual - Research why people undertake and action and cause a behavior. Methods = observation, archival data, questionnaires, experimentation |
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Causes Sprawl
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Causes = consumer preferences, development market, & governmental policy.
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Costs of Decentralization/Sprawl
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- Increases demand for services (roads, schools, sewage, hospitals)
- Increases the costs of delivering services (Police, fire, emergency)\ Urban decline, alienation of urban centers created sprawl. |
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New Urbanism
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Response to sprawl by turning back to traditional city design- with mixed use, increased density, walkable areas. Nostalgia for traditional communities.
Has civic space, "neo-traditionalism", |
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Smart Growth
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Change policies that encourage sprawl. New policies should encourage reinvestment.
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Critiques of New Urbanism
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- Nothing "new" about it
- Uses Greenfields - Exacerbates Sprawl - Competition with downtowns/urban spaces - Little Income diversity - Not dense enough - Not sensitive to local conditions |
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Types of Case Study inquiries
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- Explanatory
- Exploratory - Descriptive |
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Why do a case study?
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- Complex phenomena
- Little control over events/behaviors - Experimentation would be too expensive or unethical - Contemporary/observable phenomenon |
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Case Studies
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Usually study a change over time (life cycles or processes)
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Choosing Cases
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- Establish criteria for selection
- Screen possible case for eligibility - Select randomly from qualified cases |
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Single Case Studies
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- Critical Case
- Extreme/Unique case - Representative/typical (most common - you want to generalize) - Longitudinal (studies over time) |
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Designing a Case Study
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- Research question
- Study proposition - Unit of Analysis |
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Policy Evaluation
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- Goals: reasonable?
- Side effects (unintended?) - Improvement - best way to achieve - Costs and non-monetary costs - Transportability - could it work elsewhere? Also look at what the public wants and know that goals might be a proxy for actual goals. |
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How can we evaluate policy?
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Time series data- Before & After: compare goals and results
Cross Sectional data- Here and There: compare different locations |
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Community Indicators
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Measure and quantify appropriate economic, social, environmental factors. Be consistent in measurement
Can be weighted differently Can look at the same indicators in different places to compare |
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Traditional Architecture
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- Climate (Wind, orientation, cool/heat, precipitation)
- Environment (materials, hazards i.e. flood & earthquake, pests) |
