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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ethyl alcohol
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- disorganize lipid bilayer in membranes, denature proteins
- use to clean skin and IV insertion - better at 70% solution in H20 |
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quaternary ammonium compound
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detergent
- disrupt structure of lipid bilayer in membrane |
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phenols
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- disrupt membrane and denature proteins
- phenol itself is very effective but can burn skin |
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hexachlorophene
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phenol
- used in soaps but may be neurotoxic - disrupt membrane and denature proteins |
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chlorine
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- disinfectant for drinking water and swimming pools
- hypochlorite ion is active ingredient in bleach - both link together sulfhydryl (SH) groups together, binds to amino acid tyrosine in protein |
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iodine
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- oxidizer (SH) group together and bind to amino acid tyrosine in proteins
- very effective skin antiseptic - 2% solution of I2 in KI in ethanol - iodophors - iodine and detergent - less irritating to skin |
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silver nitrate
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heavy metal
- use in eyedrops to prevent gonococcal infections in infants - SH groups in enzymes |
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mercury
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heavy metal
merthiolate and mercurochrome used as anticeptics |
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hydrogen peroxide
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- oxidizing agent that attacks SH groups
- used to clean wounds including deep wounds - not an effective on organisms that produce catalase |
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formaldehyde
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aldehydes
denatures proteins formalin - 37% solution of formaldehyde |
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aldehydes
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- add alkyl grou to amino acid (NH2) and hydroxyl (OH) groups on proteins and nucleic acids
- preserve and embalm tissues |
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glutaraldehyde
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aldehyde
more effective and less toxic - used to sterilize hospital and lab equipment - kills cells in 10-12 min, spores take 12 hours |
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ethylene oxide
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- kills by alkylating proteins and nucleic acids
- gas used widely in hospitals to sterilize plasticware, heart-lung and dialysis machine components, catheters - kills both cells and spores |
