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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where does all weather phenomena occur?
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Troposphere
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What are the layers of the atmosphere?
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Troposphere
Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere |
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What object does not appear white on a visible satellite?
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water
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Visible channel
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uses sunlight to detect radiation
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in a visible channel map objects that reflect a high amount of sun appear?
examples? |
White
clouds and snow |
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in a visible channel objects that are not reflective appear?
examples? |
Dark
land and ocean |
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Advantages (1) and disadvantages (2) of a visible channel map?
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Advantages: black and white makes it easy to read
Disadvantages: Cant read at night, all black. and can't tell if its snow on ground or clouds |
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Infrared Channel
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detects infrared energy (heat) emitted from the Earth's surface and atmosphere
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The more IR radiation emitted
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the higher the temp
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Low temps appear-
high temps appear- |
low temps- white (high clouds)
high temps- dark (low clouds) |
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Water Vapor channel
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IR energy that is emitted by water vapor in upper troposphere
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moist air appears
dry air appears |
moist- white, cool colors
dry- dark, warm colors |
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disadvantages and advantages of a water vapor channel
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advantage is it is available 24/7
disadvantage is that you can't see whats at the surface, just troposphere |
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clouds are classified by
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height and appearance
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how do you represent an isobar?
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lines connecting areas with the same pressure
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conduction
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a transfer of energy by direct contact between substances
- atoms do not move, just the heat does |
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how is energy transferred in conduction
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from higher temps to lower
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Radiation
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transfer of energy without a physical substance
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Convection
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transfer of energy by movement of molecules within a liquid
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what does convection create in the atmosphere?
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vertical motion in the troposphere
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inbalances in the solar radiation received at the Earth's surface create a surplus of energy at?
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the equator
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what type of map would you want to look at if it is in the middle of the night?
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infrared channel
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to determine changes in the dew point temps throughout the day you would look at data collected by?
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ASOS
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what is ASOS?
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a more efficient temp and dew point sensor
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How would you determine relative heights of cloud tops?
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look at a satellite
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To determine if rotation in a thunderstorm is present you would look at what type of radar product?
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velocity
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what does radar stand for?
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Radio Detection and Ranging
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what is radar?
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a band in the electromagnetic spectrum
- sends and receives signals |
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what is stronger. the original signal or the returning?
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original
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The strength of a signal depends on
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1. size
2. composition 3. number |
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can a radar see through clouds? what can they see?
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no. precipitation
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what does a doppler radar determine?
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determines movement away AND towards the radar by the increase AND decrease in frequency of the return signal
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what is the doppler radar based on?
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relative velocity (spped) of the target
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Reflectivity based radar is based on?
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energy reflected back to radar
shows the intensity of precipitation and where it is occurring |
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products from a reflectivity based radar?
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rainfall rate, rainfall accumulation, presence of hail
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Velocity based is based on
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the doppler capability
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Doppler Radar
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detects motion towards or away from radar
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Colors of the doppler radar
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Away= red
towards- green |
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what color if a tornado is occurring?
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red and green next to each other
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Coriolis force influences
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the wind and changing the direction of the wind
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what is the coriolis force?
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apparent force caused by the rotation of Earth
moves objects to its intended path of motion does not affect speed, just direction |
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what is the air pressure at sea level?
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14.7 psi
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The persistence method when used to create a weather forecast refers to
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hypothesis that the weather tomorrow will be the same as today
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Meteorologists use sea level pressures to determine
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vertical changes in pressure due to elevation
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where can a weather balloon collect data?
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everything but thermosphere
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What is the pressure gradient force?
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sets wind in motion
exists when we have pressure differences |
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what is PGF caused by?
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differences in air pressure over distance
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if isobars are close the PGF is
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strong and steep
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if isobars are spread out the PGF has a
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low wind speed
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PGF will always be directed ___ to _____
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high to low
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how does pressure change with height in the vertical direction?
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pressure decreases with height
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in the physical law of energy. Energy emitted is proportional to?
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temperature
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physical law of energy. Peak wavelength of emitted energy is inversely proportional to
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temperature
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Hot objects emit energy of a ___ wavelength
Cold objects emit energy of ____ wavelength |
hot- shorter wavelength
cold- longer wavelength |
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interactions of energy in the Earth's atmosphere depend on
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wavelength and medium
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Barometric pressure- if number is greater than 500
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put 9 in front. add decimal
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Barometric pressure- if number is less than 500
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put 10 in front. add decimal
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surface station model- where is temp and dew point located
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temp on top left, dew point bottom left
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low pressure centers
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counterclockwise, cyclones
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high pressure centers
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clockwise, anti cyclones
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Isboars close together mean
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fast wind speeds
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Northern hemisphere
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counterclockwise
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southern hemisphere
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clockwise
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Low
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towards
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high
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away
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in the troposphere, the temp decreases as?
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altitude increases
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what is a sounding?
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a set of data that tell you the temp and dew point at certain levels of the atmosphere
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station pressures are adjusted so sea level pressures because it
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removes the affect of elevation so that changes due to weather are apparent
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what does pressure do with height?
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rapidly decreases. the higher you go up the fewer air molecules are above you
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what happens to pressure in the horizontal direction?
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same amount of molecules above you
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