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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mid latitude cyclones
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A low pressure system between 30-60 degrees (Latitude)
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3 stages of cyclonic storms
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formation, growth(cold and warm fronts), decay(occluded front)
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Norwegian cyclone model
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evolution of mid latitude storm
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windflow aloft
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cyclone strength is connected to upper level flo
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zonal flow
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straight west-to-east pattern and low cyclone activity
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Meandering flow
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curved, wavy pattern and high cyclone activity
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east of a ridge (conv or div)
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convergence
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east of a trough (conv or div)
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divergence
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warm air advection
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when winds blow warm air into a region of cooler air
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cold air advection
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when winds blow cool air into a region of warmer air
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Anticyclones (and what is their type of weather)
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high pressure. clear skies and calm winds
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blocking
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a high pressure that remains nearly stationary. clocks a cyclone movement. dry and wet areas and steady and distinct
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Blocking causes
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pollution and inversion
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Thunderstorm
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storms with strong vertical movement that produces thunder and lightning
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mechanisms of thunderstorm
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lifting, moisture, uneven surface heating, divergence aloft
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main regions of thunderstorms
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gulf of mexico and mountains
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Air mass thunderstorms is associated with what air mass
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mT
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air mass thunderstorms occur in what seasons
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spring/summer
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Stages of air mass thunderstorms
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cumulus, mature, dissapating
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cumulus stage
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rising air (buoyancy), warm updrafts, fair clouds grow, moist air aloft
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mature stage
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precip, updrafts and downdrafts, entrainment and anvils form
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entrainment
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cool, dry air enters storm
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dissipating stage
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downdrafts, cool air dominates, cloud "rains out"
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Severe thunderstorms need
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winds greater than 58 mph, hail over one inch OR a tornado
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Wind shear
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anytime wind changes speed or direction with height
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what does wind shear do to updrafts in severe thunderstorms
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tilt
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gust front
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leading edge/mini front
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what do downdrafts do in a sever thunderstorm
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carry rain
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super cell
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complex t-storm with rotating updraft. cause death and damage. rotating updraft
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Squall line
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narrow band of storm ahead of cold front and dry lines
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lightning
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balancing charges of pos. and neg. in a cloud
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Sheet lightning
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stays within cloud
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cloud-to-ground is more or less common that sheet lighting
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less
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Thunder
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explosive sound waves from expanding air
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how many seconds per mile when measuring thunder
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5 seconds
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Tornadoes
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localized and short-lived rotating air columns with record wind speeds and damages. heavy rain, hair, many types of clouds and spiraling winds.
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Where do tornadoes occur
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plains, midwest and gulf states
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when are tornadoes most severe (season)
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spring
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what times are tornadoes most severe
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evening (5pm)
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the strongest (tornado) storms are on the ground
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for the longest amount of time
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Development of tornado
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severe t-storm. cold front, dry lines, squalls/super cells, hurricanes. produce 2 downdrafts with a central updraft
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mesocyclone
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a cylinder of rotating air in the updraft
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wall cloud
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a cloud column that stretches through the base of the cloud to protrude
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funnel cloud
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spinning vortex protruding from the wall cloud
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when does a t-storm become a tornado
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when the funnel makes contact with the ground
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tornadogenesis
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2 downdrafts come together and squeeze updraft. as the downdrafts get closer then squeeze lower and lower until they hit the ground
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how are tornadoes measured
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enchanced fujita
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hurricane
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rotational cyclones with sustained wind speeds greater than 74 mph
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huracan
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god of evil
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features of hurricane
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strong low centers, non-frontal , heavy rains, floods, high winds
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what type of scale is a hurricane
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macroscale
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what type of clouds in hurricanes
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nimbus
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Hurricanes occur
Typhoon occur Cyclones occur |
hurricane-atlantic
typhoon-west pacific cyclone-indian ocean |
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rain bands
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inward spiraling clouds on outer edges
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eye wall
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most intense zone of circulation, winds and rain
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eye
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system center is calm and less cloudy
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temperature difference in eye and cause
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5-10 degrees Celsius warmer due to sinking
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is there rain in the core of a hurricane
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no
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development of hurricane
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5-20 latitude, tropical N. Atlantic, easterly waves, migrate off of africa to the us
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triggers of hurricanes
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instability, warm surface waters, moist mid-troposphere
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tropical depression
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37 mph winds or less, rain and t-storms
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tropical storm
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37-74 mph, rotations and heavy rains
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causes of Decay of hurricane
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cool ocean waters, land surfaces, large-scale flows
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Storm surge
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wen water comes up on the coast like a wall
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Saffir-simpson scale
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ranking system of hurricanes
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How do you name storms
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male/female. 6 rotated lists
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Blizzard
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high winds, reduced visibility due to falling blowing snow. Need winds greater than 35 mph, and visibility reduced by more than a quarter miles for 3 hours
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hypothermia
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impaired behavior and motor skills, shivering
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areas for blizzard
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dakotas and minnesota.
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Development of blizzard
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cold air, high pressure, -30 to -50 degrees Farenheit and steep gradients
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what happens to wind speed when isobars are closer
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it increases
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Trowal
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wrap around band of clouds and snow on the NW side of a low
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snow swath
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looks like a cloud on satellite
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snow roller made by
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winds
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Lake effect snow
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snow belt around great lakes, downwind of lakes, south/east shores
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Development of lake effect snow
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cold air crosses warm lake, shoreline convergence
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fetch
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amount of time over a lake
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outlook
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monthly to seasonal forecast
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storm prediction center
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study t-storms, tornadoes and derechos. located in OK
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national hurricane center
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study hurricanes and trop storms located in FL
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