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42 Cards in this Set

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Celsuis to Fahrenheit

(Standard Formula
and Quick Way)
F*= (C* times 1.8) + 32

or

F*= (C* times 2) + 30
kings school METAR
Convert:

30*C
20*C
10*C
0*C
BRRRR
86*F ---T shirts
68*F --- Long Sleeves
50*F --- Sweaters
32*F --- Coat
BRRRRR
kings school METAR
RVR example: R17L/2600FT
Direct visibility in feet on a specific runway

Runway 17 Left, 2600 feet
kings school METAR
RA
DZ
SN
PE
Rain
Drizzle
Snow
Ice Pellets
kings school METAR
SG
IC
UP
GR
GS
Snow Grains
Ice Crystals
Unknown Precipitation
Hail >1/4 inch
Small Hail
kings school METAR
Obscurations...

FG
BR
FU
HZ
FoG (vis 1/2 mi or less)
Mist (''Baby Rain")
Smoke (FUmes)
HaZe
kings school METAR
Obscurations...

PY
SA
DU
VA
SpraY
SAnd
DUst
Volcanic Ash
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Other Weather Phenomenon

SQ
FC
+FC
DS
SS
PO
SQuall
Funnel Cloud
Tornado / Waterspout
Dust Storm
Sand Storm
Dust Devil ("Polished Off")
kings school METAR
Squall
A sudden increase in wind speed of at least 16 kts, SUSTAINED at 22kts or more FOR AT LEAST 1 MINUTE
kings school METAR
TS
SH
FZ
BL
DR
ThunderStorm
SHowers
FreeZing
BLowing
Low DRifting
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FG descriptors

MI
PR
BC
Shallow (MInimal)
Partial
Patches (Bits & Chunks)
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INTENSITY SYMBOLS
- light
+ heavy
moderate
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VC for Precipitation

or other weather
means within 10 miles

or between five and ten miles for other weather
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+TSRAGR
"Thunderstorm with heavy rain and hail"
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TSRA BR
Thunderstorm with moderate rain and mist
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SKY COVER

SKC or CLR
FEW
SCT
BKN
OVC
VV
>0 to 2/8 (CLR means auto)
3/8 - 4/8
5/8 - 7/8
8/8
Vertical Visibility - indefinite ceiling
kings school METAR
PRINTED REPORTS AND FORECASTS
METAR...
PIREP
RADAR WEATHER REPORT
METAR stands for
AVIATION ROUTINE WEATHER REPORT
METAR is updated....

(unless a SPECI)
EVERY HOUR

(unless significant weather changes)
A METAR gives

Wind in ____
Vis. in ______
Temp in ____
Wind in TRUE NORTH
Visibility in STATUTE MILES
Temp. in CELSIUS
PIREP MAndatory Components
TTTLA
Type (UA or UUA)
Time in ZULU
Type of A/C
Location
Altitude
RADAR WEATHER REPORT...
issued ___________
Text describes _________
Issued 35 MINS PAST THE HOUR

Text describes AREAS OF PRECIP., TYPE AND INTENSITY OF PRECIP, TOPS & CELL MOVEMENT
Define FORECAST
the weather expected at a certain time and place in the future
TAF stands for
Terminal Aerodrome Forecast
TAFs are issued
every 6 hours, 4 times a day
TAFs are VALID for....
24 hours
Area Forecast (FA)

Covers...
Multiple states. 6 FAs in the contiguous US.

(PHX covered in SLC FA)
FAs are issued
3x a day
FAs have varying valid times
____ Synopsis
____ VFR Clouds and Weather
____ +6 hour categorical outlook
18 hour synopsis
12 hour VFR Clouds and Weather
+6 hour categorical outlook
An FA Contains
-Communication Header

-Precautionary Statements

-Synopsis

-VFR Clouds and Weather

-Outlook
Winds and Temps Aloft (FB)
Estimate of wind direction, speed and temperature at various altitudes
FBs are issued/valid....
issued 4x a day / valid for 7 hours
FBs give wind direction, altitude and temperature in...
wind direction is TRUE
altitude is MSL
Temp is Celsius
AIRMETS are issued/valid
issued every 6 hours, valid for 6 hours
Sierra Airmet
MTN OBSCURATIONS, ceilings <1000ft, vis <3 sm,
Tango Airmet
Moderate Turbulence
Sustained surface winds 30+ kts
Zulu Airmet
Moderate icing, freezing levels
Sigmets

issued/valid/why
-issued as necessary
-valid 4 hours (6 if hurricane)
-severe icing, turbulence, CAT, dust sand, volcanic ash
Convective Sigment
-issued every hour regardless of activity
-valid for 2 hours
-tornadoes, lines of TS, embedded TS, big hail, wind 50+ kt gusts
HIWAS transmits
Airmets, Sigmets, Convective Sigmets, Pireps
HIWAS is transmitted
Over Selected VORS
The VORTAC compass does not line up with Lines of Longitude because
VORTAC is in MAGNETIC NORTH and Lines of Longitude in TRUE NORTH