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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is metabolism or biotransformation (related to drugs)?
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- It's the bodies attempt to clear the drug
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What is the primary organ of drug metabolism?
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- Liver
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What are drugs transformed into and why?
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- Drugs are transformed into water-soluble substances because they are excreted more easily
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Liver enzyme system
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- CYP 450 with enzyme subsystems
- CYP 450 is responsible for changing many substances into chemical forms which can be easily excreted OR which can have beneficial effects on the body - The enzyme itself may be affected by drugs |
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Enzyme inhibitor
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- Reduces enzyme metabolic activity (slows it down)
- An inhibitor has the potential to INCREASE drug plasma levels; slows metabolism; allows drug to stay in system longer |
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Enzyme inducer (definition)
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- Increases enzyme metabolic activity (speeds it up)
- An inducer has the potential to DECREASE plasma levels (goes through the system too fast, so blood levels do not reach or maintain at minimal effective blood plasma level |
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Enzyme inducer
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- Smoking
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Enzyme inducer
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- Chronic ETOH
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Enzyme inducer
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- phenobarbital (Luminal); "downer;" Phenobarbital is a barbiturate, nonselective central nervous system depressant which is primarily used as a sedative hypnotic and also as an anticonvulsant in subhypnotic doses.
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Enzyme inducer
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- phenytoin (Dilantin); Treats seizures. This medicine is an anticonvulsant.
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Enzyme inducer
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- carbamazepine (Tegretol); Treats different types of seizures. Also used to treat nerve pain and bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness.
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Enzyme inhibitor
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- cimetidine (Tagamet); inhibits stomach acid production.
- Treats duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and other disorders of the stomach - Also treats or prevents heartburn - This medicine is a histamine H2-blocker. |
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Enzyme inhibitor
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- erythromycin; inhibits bacterial growth
- Used on the skin to treat acne. Belongs to a class of drugs called antibiotics. |
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Enzyme inhibitor
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- allopurinol; lowers the amount of uric acid in blood
- Treats gout and some kinds of kidney stones |
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Enzyme inhibitor
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- calcium channel blockers; blocks (inhibits) calcium channels
- A calcium channel blocker is a chemical that disrupts the movement of calcium through calcium channels. Calcium channel blockers are used as antihypertensive drugs, i.e. as medications to decrease blood pressure in patients with hypertension. |
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Enzyme inhibitor
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- fluoxetine (Prozac); is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
- Treats depression, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), eating disorders, and panic disorders. Sarafem® treats premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), which is a mood disorder and physical symptoms that occur 1 to 2 weeks before a woman's menstrual period. |
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What is metabolism affected by?
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- Age
- Nutritional status - Chronic illness - Genetic make-up |
