Metabolism

Front 1

What is Metabolism?

Back 1

All the reastions used to generate energy-> 2ATP are generated.
Reducing power(Ex: NADH2) and carbon skeletons and the utilization of theses materials for Anablic purposes.

Front 2

Cellulase

Back 2

polymer of glucose. breaks down thing to big to fit through porins(600-700 da)

Front 3

Catabolic Reactions

Back 3

1st step in metablism: Ploymer breakdown of extra-cellulary. can generate monomers and small dimers. (molecules that can go through the porins)following transport into the cytoplasm.

Front 4

The sugar must be what to enter the cytoplasm

Back 4

activated. involves phosphorylation.

Front 5

Glycolytic pathway

Back 5

The breakdown of sugar.

Front 6

Glucose ->____->____->____
(six Carbon Stage)

Back 6

Glucose 6-phosphate(uses ATP and gives off ADP)
Fructose 6-phosphate
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate(uses ATP and gives off ADP)

Front 7

Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate--> and --> both go to -->___-->___-->___-->____-->___-->___
(Three carbon stage

Back 7

Glyseraldehyde 3-phosphate and Dihydroxyacetone phosphate-then goes to glyseraldehyde 3-p(Catalized by aldolase)
1,3 bisphosphoglycerate Acid(uses NAD and makes NAPH, only oxidative step in glycolosis)
3-phosphoglyceric Acid(Uses ADP and makes ATP)
2-Phosphoglyceric Acid
Phosphoenol pyruvate(dessication reaction->loss of water)
Pyruvate (uses ADP and makes ATP.

Front 8

For two glyceraldehydes oxidations to pyruvate we see a net gain of ___ ATPs

Back 8

TWO.

Front 9

what does Glucose to pyruvate produce

Back 9

produces 2 ATP and 2 NADH2

Front 10

Every living cell must have __ precuror molecules(carbon skeleton)

Back 10

12.

Front 11

What is the function of carbon skeletons

Back 11

Serve as basic carbon backbones for amino acid biosynthesis, vitamin synthesis; purine/pyrimidins for nucleotides synthesis.

Front 12

What are the 6 precursor molecules from glycolsis?

Back 12

glucose 6-phophate
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
Fructose 6-phosphate
Pyruvate
Phosphoenolpyruvate
3-phosphoglycerate Acid

Front 13

What are the 2 precursor molecules from pentose phosphae pathway

Back 13

Ribulose 5-phosphate
Erythrose 4-phosphate

Front 14

What are the 4 precurser molecules from the TCA cycles

Back 14

oxaloacetate
acetyl CoA
succinyl CoA
alpha ketoglutarate

Front 15

Pentose Phosphate pathway

Back 15

get 2 NADH to use as reducing power.

Front 16

If no glucose 6-p dehydrogenase wont grow what do u have to add?

Back 16

Ribulose 5-p and Erthrose 4-p bc it wont be able to make them. (both are important precursors)

Front 17

If all genes are functional to convert precursor molecules to building blocks(amino acids) then it must be a _______

Back 17

Prototroph

Front 18

If a cell is mutant in its ability to make a precursor molecule then it may be considered a _____

Back 18

Auxotroph

Front 19

Entner-Doudoroff Pathway is limited to what microbes

Back 19

Pseudamones sp
Enterococcus sp
Rhizobium sp

Front 20

What does the Entner Doudoroff Pathway do

Back 20

uses similar reactions to the pentose phosphate pathway and links them with the glycolytic pathway

Front 21

What is a novel intermediate formed by the Entner Doudoroff Pathway and what is its significance

Back 21

2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate
It can be used to diagnose diseases with Pseudomones, Rhizobium and Entercoccus.

Front 22

From glycoloysis or Entner-dudoroff the pyruvate formed can then either be used for ____ or ____ and with way depends on ?

Back 22

Fermentation or Tricarboylic Acid Cycle.
Which way depends on environmental conditions.
1)Availabilty of termical electron acceptor
2)Availablity of carbon.

Front 23

The ___ cycle is never closed bc the intermediated can get taken away by biosynethsis purposes

Back 23

tricarboxylic acid

Front 24

With the EMP and the TCA reaction we see ______.

Back 24

complete oxidation of a 6C sugar (Glucose) to CO2

Front 25

Fementation occurs in the ___ of a __ __ __ electron acceptor.

Back 25

absence
suitable exogenous terminal(something from outside)

Front 26

What are suitable exogenous electron acceptors? and why?

Back 26

Oxygen
Nitrate
CO2;sulfate
Bc that can get reduced(accept e-) from more reduced molecule.

Front 27

Fermentations generates

Back 27

more reduced compounds

Front 28

Why bother with fermentations

Back 28

to regenerate NAD to be used in glycolosis.

Front 29

In the presence of a suitable exogenous terminal e- acceptor what happens?

Back 29

Electron Transport

Front 30

what is electron transport

Back 30

mvmt of e- through electron transport chain eventually reducing a terminal e- acceptor

Front 31

What are the ETC components?

Back 31

Hydrogen carriers->Quinones(small non-proteinaceous molecules) and FlavoProteins
Electron carriers-> cytochromes and iron sulfur proteins.

Front 32

What did Peter Michell do?

Back 32

"Chemiosmotic Hypothesis"- proton gradient can be harvested into energy.
Harvesting of H+ gradient(from e- transport) through H+ translocating ATP hydrolase to generate ATP.

Front 33

BFO/F Complex does what?

Back 33

rotates
catalyzes phosphorylation of ADP + P --> ATP

Front 34

What is Oxidative Phosphorylation

Back 34

Sugar is oxidized to CO2
Reducing power is formed
PMS formed
ATP formed

Front 35

The coupling of sugar(NADH) oxidation to ATP formation via the ETC activities is

Back 35

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Front 36

What is substrate level phosphorylation

Back 36

When ATP is formed by the removal of a PO4 from an organic compound and coupled directly to the phosphorylation of ADP->ATP.
Ex: 1,3 Bisphosphoglycolic acid-->(uses ADP and creates ATP) 3 phosphglycolic acid.

Front 37

In the ETC if oxygen serves as the terminal e- acceptor it is _____
If CO2, NO3, or SO4 serve as the terminal e-acceptor then it is ____.

Back 37

Aerobic Respiration
Anaerobic respiration