Lecture Exam Iii Pt. 2 Ch. 5

Front 1

Metabolism

Back 1

Sum of all chemical reactions inside the cell

Front 2

Catabolic pathways

Back 2

Degradative reactions
Energy is generated
Exergonic
Ex. Respiration, break down of glucose

Front 3

Anabolic Rxs.

Back 3

Additive reactions
Demands input of energy
Endergonic
Ex. Synthesis of proteins, Peptidoglycan, photosynthesis

Front 4

Nutrients

Back 4

Chemicals necessary for metabolism

Front 5

Carbohydrate metabolism

Back 5

The breakdown of carbohydrate molecule to produce energy.
Mainly glucose metabolism
Energy released is trapped for photosynthesis

Front 6

What are the two processes in carbohydrate metabolism?

Back 6

1. Cellular respiration
2. Fermentation

Front 7

What step is common to both the processes of glucose catabolism (fermentation and respiration)?

Back 7

Glycolysis: the oxidation of glucose to pyruvic acid (3 carbon compound

Front 8

What is fermentation?

Back 8

The partial oxidation of glucose

Front 9

What are the products of fermentation?

Back 9

Organic waste products and less ATP than respiration

Front 10

What are the 3 major steps of respiration

Back 10

1. Transition reaction
2. Kreb's cycle
3. ETC

Front 11

What is the transition reaction?

Back 11

It's the synthesis of Acetyl coenzyme A from pyruvic acid which involved Decarboxylation

Front 12

What are other names for the Kreb's cycle?

Back 12

TCA cycle (tricarboxylic acid) or citric acid cycle

Front 13

What is the Kreb's cycle

Back 13

The oxidation of Acetyl coenzymeA to Carbon dioxide

Front 14

Where does the Kreb's cycle occur in prokaryotic cells?

Back 14

Cytoplasm

Front 15

ETC

Back 15

Oxidation of FADH2 and NADH via a series of electron carriers
The energy released is used to generate enormous ATP molecules via oxidative phosphorylation.

Front 16

In the respiration the final e- acceptor is always an ______________ .

Back 16

inorganic molecule

Front 17

What are the two types of respiration?

Back 17

Aerobic - uses oxygen
Anaerobic- does not use oxygen

Front 18

What is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?

Back 18

Oxygen

Front 19

What is the final electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration?

Back 19

Final electron acceptor is an inorganic molecule other than molecular oxygen

Front 20

What are examples of inorganic final electron acceptors?

Back 20

Sodium Thio Sulfate, Nitrogen gas, carbonate.

Front 21

Where does our source of vitamin K come from?

Back 21

E. Coli makes vitamin k and is our exclusive source.

Front 22

What is dehydrogenation?

Back 22

The removal of hydrogen atom (proton and electron).

Front 23

Where does Dehydrogenation occur?

Back 23

In the NADH to FADH2 process. In the Kreb's cycle.

Front 24

What is the removal of carbon dioxide called?

Back 24

Decarboxylation

Front 25

Where does decarboxylation occur in respiration?

Back 25

First occurs during the transition phase (pyruvic acid to Acetyl coA)
Second time occurs in the Kreb's cycle

Front 26

What is phosphorylation?

Back 26

Addition of phosphate group

Front 27

Where does phosphorylation occur?

Back 27

1. Substrate level occurs in glycolysis
2. Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the ETC
3. Photo Phosphorylation in plants

Front 28

The electron transport chain is ____________ arranged because _____________.

Back 28

Asymmetrically arranged, because there are two classes peripheral proteins and integral proteins.

Front 29

The electron transport chain is ____________ arranged because _____________.

Back 29

Asymmetrically arranged, because there are two classes peripheral proteins and integral proteins.

Front 30

Describe the two classes of carriers in the ETC

Back 30

1 accepts only e- the other accepts e- and H+ pair

Front 31

Which carrier functions as proton pumps?

Back 31

The one that accepts e- and H+

Front 32

Where does the ETC occur in prokaryotes?

Back 32

Plasma membrane which acts like a surrogate mitochondria

Front 33

Where does the ETC occur in eukaryotes?

Back 33

Mitochondria

Front 34

How does the ETC generate ATP?

Back 34

The electron is moving from a high energy state to a low energy state and kinetic energy is released which is used to synthesize ATP.

Front 35

What are the four classes of electron carriers?

Back 35

Flavoproteins, metal containing proteins, ubiquinone, cytochromes.

Hint 35

F.M.U.C.

Front 36

Flavoproteins

Back 36

Integral membrane proteins. Have flavones as their co-enzyme. Oscillates between oxidized/reduced state

Front 37

Metal containing proteins

Back 37

Integral membrane proteins in the middle they have metal, iron, sulfur, copper etc.

Front 38

Ubiquinone

Back 38

Not a protein. Hydrophobic molecule. Small organic molecules sandwiched between the lipid bi layer, liquid soluble. Present in all living organisms. E. Coli have menaquinone, starting material for vitamin K

Front 39

Cytochromes

Back 39

Integral membrane proteins w/heme (we have it in hemoglobin). Heme contains iron.

Front 40

The loss of e- is called?

Back 40

Oxidation

Front 41

The gain of e- is called

Back 41

Reduction

Front 42

Why does clostridium perfringens (gangrene) cause necrosis

Back 42

Because the fermentation products are toxic.

Front 43

Fermentation uses oxygen (T/F)

Back 43

False. Fermentation is used by organisms that cannot respire and doesn't use oxygen.

Front 44

Is the final electron acceptor an organic or inorganic molecule?

Back 44

An organic molecule (either pyruvate or a derivative of pyruvate)

Front 45

Fermentation uses oxygen (T/F)

Back 45

False. Fermentation is used by organisms that cannot respire and doesn't use oxygen.

Front 46

Is the final electron acceptor in fermentation an organic or inorganic molecule?

Back 46

An organic molecule (either pyruvate or a derivative of pyruvate)

Front 47

What is the function of fermentation?

Back 47

To generate a steady supply of NAD+ for glycolysis so that ADP molecules can be phosphorylase do to ATP.

Front 48

Fermentation is the _______ oxidation of glucose (sugar) to release energy using an ___________molecule as the final electron acceptor.

Back 48

Partial, organic

Front 49

Proteus species can ferment _________ but not __________.

Back 49

Can ferment glucose but not lactose.

Front 50

Proteus species can ferment _________ but not __________.

Back 50

Can ferment glucose but not lactose.

Front 51

These two bacteria can ferment both glucose and lactose?

Back 51

E.coli and Enterobacteria.

Front 52

What causes the "fishy" smell in fish?

Back 52

TMAO is an oderless nitrogenous waste product of fish metabolism. Some bacteria use TMAO as a final e- acceptor in anaerobic respiration reducing it to TMA. TMA has a very fish odor.