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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is the process of turning glucose to glycogen?
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glycogenesis
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What is the process of turning glucose to pyruvate?
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glycolysis
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How can glycerol synthesis occur?
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glucose must enter glycolysis
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what determines the fate of glucose?
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tissue type, and energy demand
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obligatory users of glucose will use it to make ATP,... RBCs, Braincells, etc.
high energy demand = low energy demand = |
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Wheat does the liver use glucose for?
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ATP production
Store as glycogen Fatty acid synthesis Glycerol synthesis |
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What does muscle use glucose for?
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ATP production
Store as glycogen small extent for fatty acid synthesis some glycerol synthesis |
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What does the heart use glucose for?
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ATP production
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What does the pancreas use glucose for?
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ATP production
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How can glucose metabolism be regulated?
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Transcriptional control by
Glucose Insulin |
Glucose will directly and indirectly (via insulin response) activate transcription factors.
Insulin will directly activate transcription factors. |
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Regulation of glucose metabolism instantaneously.
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Allosteric Modulation
Covalent Modulation |
Allosteric = intermediates, substrates, and products
Covalent = kinases and phosphatates |
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Hexokinase is to the blood, as _____ is to the liver.
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Glucokinase
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Fates of G-6-P
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glycogen
glycolysis hexose phosphate shunt (pentose phosphate pathway) |
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The accumulation of G-6-P will feedback and allosterically______
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Inhibit hexokinase
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HK I, II, III ...define
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Hexokinase I, II, and III
inhibited by G6P (what they make) can phosphorylate fructose. |
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HK IV... define
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(glucokinase)
located in liver and beta cells of pancreas not modified by G6P inducible by insulin |
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G6P is to hexokinase as _____ is to glucokinase
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GKRP (glucokinase regulatory protein)
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Why would G6P accumulate?
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slowing down of any of these pathways:
glycogen synthesis glycolysis PPP |
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Define Glygogenin
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the protein that starts off the glycogen molecule
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Glycogen is branched, what does this mean?
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Glycogen has a complex structure and having more branches creates multiple non-reducing ends to provide a large source of available energy
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What reaction traps glucose within the cell in muscle? in the liver?
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hexokinase in muscle
glucokinase in liver |
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What is the relationship between glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase?
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when GS is active, GP is inactive
when GP is active, GS is inactive |
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when should glycolysis be active?
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In the liver = during a high CHO diet and following a high CHO meal
in muscle = after a high CHO meal and when muscle is active |
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Glycolytic regulation
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hexokinase, PFK, pyruvate kinase
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