Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Hexokinase/glucokinase |
1st enzyme in glycolysis
substrate level feedback |
|
|
Phosphofructokinase-1
(PFK1) |
Glycolysis
+: ADP, AMP, and F-2,6-BP -: ATP and Citrate
|
|
|
Pyruvate Kinase |
Glycolysis
+: F-1,6-BP -: Acetyl-CoA, ATP, and Phosphorylation (in liver only)
|
|
|
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
|
-links glycolysis to the TCA cycle
+: dephophorylation (phosphatase is activated by Insulin, PEP, and AMP and deactivated by ATP, NADH, and acetyl- CoA)
-: phosphorylation by pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase
|
|
|
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase |
TCA enzyme converting Isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate
+: ADP -:NADH, ATP, and alpha-ketoglutarate |
|
|
Fatty Acid Transport Shuttle |
Carnitine transfer to fatty acid is inhibited by Malonyl-CoA (a product of fatty acid synthesis)
no futile cycle |
|
|
Acetyl CoA Carboxylase |
Converts Acetyl-CoA to Malonyl-CoA
+: Citrate -:AMP-Kinase, palmitoyl-CoA |
|
|
Hormone Sensitive Lipases |
+: cAMP-dependent PKA, and phosphorylated Perilipin A -: Insulin |
|
|
Fatty Acid Synthetase |
Transcription is controlled by insulin |
|
|
Fructose Diphosphatase
|
Gluconeogenic enzyme (removed phosphate from F-1,6-BP)
-: F-2,6-BP and AMP |
|
|
Glycogen Phosphorylase |
+: Calcium (from working muscle) and PO4 by cAMP dependent kinase activated by glucagon signaling
|
|
|
Glycogen Synthase |
+: G-6-P
-: inactivated by cAMP dependent kinase activate by glucagon signaling
|
|
|
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (PEPCK) |
transcription increased by Glucagon
Transcription decreased by Insulin |
|
|
Pyruvate Carboxylase |
+: acetyl-CoA |
|
|
Lipoprotein Lipase |
+ in adipocytes after meal due to insulin
+ in muscle cells during fasts due to glucagon |
|
|
Glucose-6-Phosphatase |
Gluconeogenesis
Substrate level regulation |
|
|
Cyanide |
Inhibits ETC by binding cytochrome-c-oxidase more strongly than oxygen |
|
|
Oligomycin |
Inhibits ATP synthase by blocking the flow of protos through the Fo subunit |
|
|
Dinitrophenol |
Uncouples the proton pumping from ATP synthesis because it carries ATP across the membrane itself |
|
|
Rotenone
|
Prevents transfer of electrons from complex 1 to ubiquinone by blocking the binding site on ubiquinone |
