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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Nystagmus, ataxia, and mental confusion seen in alcoholics.
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Wernicke encephalopathy
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Retrograde and anterograde amnesia with confabulation seen in alcoholics.
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Korsakoff psychosis
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Wernicke-Korsakoff is due to a deficiency in ___.
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thiamine
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Discoloration is seen in ____ in Wernicke-Korsakoff.
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mammillary bodies, hypothalmus, and periaqueductal gray matter
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Mild form of fetal alcohol syndrome
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fetal alcohol effect
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FAS is associated w/ ?
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growth retardation, facial abnormalities, and intellectual impairment, behavioral problems, mircrocephaly
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Alcohol effects which development epoch?
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Neurogenesis for microcephaly, migration for the other lesions
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Important CNS feature of alcoholism
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cerebellar degeneration
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Patient comes in w/ hyponatremia and you normalize patient's sodium too fast.
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Central pontine myelinolysis
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Demyelination of corpus callosum seen in Italian men who drank cheap red wine.
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Marchiafava-Bignami Disease
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Subacute combined degeneration is seen in deficiencies of _____
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B12 (most common) and folate
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Folate deficiecy in pregnancy can lead to ____
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neural tube defects
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Organellar reactions to heavy metals:
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1. mitochondria initiate apoptosis
2. protein syntheis lost in ER 3. nuclear proteins are altered |
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Heavy metals are more pathogenic in adults/children?
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children b/c they can concentrate the heavy metals more
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Pathogenesis of mercury
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alters enzymatic reactions
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Fetal mercury exposure causes
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microcephaly and abnormality in neuronal migration
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Presenting symptom of methanol poisoning
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blindness
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Methanol is metabolized to
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formic acid
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Formic acid causes lesions in the ?
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retinal cells, cerebral cortex, and putamen
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Carbon monoxide causes lesions in
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globus pallidus
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Seen in people w/ cirrhosis and liver failure and have hyperammonemia
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Hepatic Encephalpathy
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Histolic finding in hepatic encephalopathy
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Alzheimer type 2 astrocytes
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Wilson's disease is a disease of ____ metabolism
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coppper
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Copper deposits in eye
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Kaiser Fleischer ring
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Comatose, fatty liver, strong association w/ aspirin
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Reye's syndrome
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"Mad as a hatter"
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Mercury poisoning
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Degeneration of posterior columns extending from thoracic cord to nucleus gracilis is seen in this deficiency.
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Vitamin E
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Most enzyme deficiencies are inherited in a ____ fashion
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Autosommal Recessive
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Lysosomal storage disease that occurs in the neuronal cell body.
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Neuronal lipidosis
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Common histological finding in mucopolysaccharidoses
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zebra bodies
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Histological finding in Tay Sachs
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membranous cytoplasmic bodies
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Problem w/ storage of sphingolipids
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Gangliosidoses
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Storage diseases are primarily ___ matter diseases and present with ___ and ____.
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gray, seizures and loss of cognitive ability
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Tay Sachs is a deficiency in hexosaminnidase A and results in accumulation of ____.
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GM2 gangliosides
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Symptoms of Tay Sachs
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dementia, blindness (retinal degeneration)
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A arylsulfatase A deficiency causes an accumulation of myelin sulfatide in both oligodendroglia and Schwann cells.
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Metachromic Leukodystrophy
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