Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
List 2 congenital metabolic disorders.
|
1. Phenylketonuria
2. Cystic fibrosis |
|
|
True or false: Phenylketonuria is an autosomal dominant disease.
|
False. It is an autosomal recessive disease.
|
|
|
What are the clinicopathological features of cystic fibrosis ?
|
It is characterised by mucous secretions of abnormally high viscosity. This mucous plugs exocrine ducts.
|
|
|
Which 2 main organs are involved in cystic fibrosis ?
|
Lungs - Repeated infections
Pancreas - Chronic damage |
|
|
List 2 acquired metabolic disorders.
|
1. Diabetes mellitus
2. Gout |
|
|
Discuss the two types of diabetes mellitus.
|
Type 1- IDDM with a juvenile onset.
Type 2- NIDDM begins in adults and is associated with resistance to insulin. |
|
|
Define: Secondary diabetes mellitus.
|
Diabetes is secondary to another disease process such as pancreatitis.
|
|
|
What are the complications of diabetes mellitus ?
|
1. Artherosclerosis, increased risk for MI and other vascular disease
2. Glomerular damage 3. Microangiopathy 4. Increased susceptibility to infections 5. Ketoacidosis 6. Hyperosmolarity |
|
|
What is diabetes mellitus ?
|
A condition where there is impaired glucose homeostasis due to insulin deficiency that results in hyperglycaemia.
|
|
|
What is gout ?
|
A condition where there are high blood uric acid levels causing urate crystal deposition, skin nodules, joint damage, renal damage and kidney stones.
|
|
|
List the causes of gout.
|
1. Age
2. Family history 3. Diet 4. Socio-economic status 5. Body size |
|
|
List common causes of dehydration.
|
1. Vomiting and diarrhoea
2. Extensive burns 3. Excessive sweating 4. Diabetes insipidus 5. Diuresis |
|
|
Define: Oedema.
|
An excess of fluid in the intracellular compartment of tissue.
|
|
|
List the four causes of pathogenic oedema.
|
1. Inflammatory: increased vascular permeability
2. Venous: increased intravenous pressure 3. Lymphatic: obstruction of lymphatic drainage 4. Hypoalbuminaemic: reduced plasma oncotic pressure |
|
|
Discuss the signs and symptoms of kwashiorkor.
|
1. Oedema
2. Scaly skin 3. Loss of hair colour 4. Hypokalaemia 5. Hyponatraemia 6. Fatty liver |
|
|
Discuss the signs and symptoms of marasmus.
|
1. Severe wasting
2. Loss of hair 3. Hypokalaemia 4. Hyponatraemia |
|
|
What does an increase in lead concentration cause in the body ?
|
1. Nervous system damage
2. Anemia |
|
|
What does a decrease in iodine concentration cause in the body ?
|
Goiter.
|
|
|
List the 2 types of calcification and their causes.
|
1. Dystrophic - Previously damaged tissue
2. Metastatic - Hypercalcaemia |
