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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is constructive and destructive metabolism
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destructive metabolism: breakdown of complex substances and the consequent production of energy and waste matter |
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what are metabolic diseases
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what is the transition period
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sudden increase in nutrient needs for milk production decrease in dry matter intake in last week of pregnancy leads to increased [NEFA]plasma and lipid-related metabolic disorders ketosis, fatty liver, fat cow syndrome, lost milk production |
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what is the optimal BCS at calving
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cows should then lose less than 1 BCS point in early lactation |
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what are ketone bodies
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impt water soluble, fat derived metabolites produced mainly in liver although in ruminants, beta-hydroxybutyrate also produced in rumen wall can cross the blood brain barrier so useful for brain energy BUT always a requirement for some glucose |
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what are the three major ketone bodies
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acetoacetate beta-hydroxybutyrate |
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what are common disorders of ruminant energy metabolism
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ketosis fat cow syndrome pregnancy toxaemia |
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what is fatty liver
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occurs when rate of fatty acid esterification to triglycerides exceeds the rate of disappearance by hydrolysis and export as a constituent of VLDL |
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why is fatty liver common in the last weeks of pregnancy
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the increased oestradiol leads to increased fatty acid esterification parturient adrenal secretion increases peripheral adipose fatty acid mobilisation and NEFAs hepatic accumulation of triglycerides results in impaired hepatocyte function VLDL production is impaired conversion of propionate to glucose is impaired |
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what is ketosis
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caused by incomplete metabolism of VFAs deficiency of oxaloacetate precursors low glucose conc. and high ketone conc. non-fatal disease, self-limiting in most cases |
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what are neurological signs of ketosis
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circling leaning and crossing legs licking and chewing manias blindness |
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what is fat cow syndrome |
affecting over-fat dairy cows at the time of calving all cows inappetant in last week or so prepartum over-conditioned cows more pronounced |
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what is pregnancy toxaemia
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foetus has obligate requirement for glucose not self-limiting like ketosis life threatening disease |
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what are common metabolic diseases in sheep
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hypomagenesaemia - common before and after lambing pregnancy toxaemia - only before lambing |
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what are common metabolic diseases in cattle
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hypomagnesaemia - after calving pregnancy toxaemia - only before calving |
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describe the effects of milk fever
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decreased cardiac muscle contractility decreased skeletal muscle contractility decreased neurotransmitter function decreased apocrine gland function leading to: muscular weakness decreased gut motility decreased thermoregulation cardiovascular collapse death |
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how does milk fever affect calving
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dystocia still births retained foetal membranes uterine prolapse after calving: ketosis fat cow syndrome hepatic lipidosis abomasal displacement |
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how does milkfever (hypocalcaemia) affect energy balance
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also interferes with insulin release, causing hyperglycaemia |
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what is osteodystrophy
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defective bone development often caused by hypocalcaemia |
